The three major immediate-early transcripts of bovine herpesvirus 1 arise from two divergent and spliced transcription units

Wirth, Urs; Vogt, Bernd; Schwyzer, Martin

doi:10.1128/jvi.65.1.195-205.1991

Cited by 102 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…To date, bICP0 is the only known BHV-1 encoded protein that can interfere with IFN dependent transcription in transient transfection assays (Henderson et al, 2005;Jones and Chowdhury, 2009;Saira et al, 2007;Saira and Jones, 2009). bICP0 mRNA is an IE and E transcript (Wirth et al, 1992;Wirth et al, 1989;Wirth et al, 1991), and thus bICP0 protein expression is not affected when infected cells are treated with PAA (data not shown). In general, these studies suggested that binding of the BHV-1 virion and/or viral entry induced IFN-β RNA expression in low passage BK cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Infection of cultured bovine cells with bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) or Sendai virus induces different beta interferon subtypes

Silva

Jones

2011

Virus Research

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In contrast to mice or humans, cattle contain three beta interferon (IFN-β) genes with distinct transcriptional promoters suggesting IFN-β gene expression is not stimulated the same by different viruses. To test this hypothesis, we compared expression of the three IFN-β subtypes after infection with a RNA virus, Sendai, versus a large DNA virus, bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1). Infection of low passage bovine kidney (BK) or established bovine kidney cells (CRIB) with Sendai virus has consistently led to high levels of IFN-β1 RNA. Conversely, infection of CRIB cells, but not BK cells, with BHV-1 increased IFN-β3 RNA levels and to a lesser extent the other two IFN-β subtypes. Inhibition of de novo protein synthesis with cycloheximide resulted in higher levels of IFN-β1 and IFN-β2 RNA levels after BHV-1 infection. Further studies demonstrated that BHV-1 immediate early and/or early genes were primarily responsible for inhibiting the IFN response in BK cells. The three bovine IFN-β promoters were cloned upstream of a reporter gene construct, and their properties analyzed in transient transfection assays. Only the IFN-β3 promoter was trans-activated by IRF3 (interferon responsive factor 3). IRF7 and double stranded RNA (polyIC) stimulated IFN-β1 and IFN-β3 promoter activity, but not IFN-β2. Relative to the human IFN-β promoter, the IFN-β3 promoter contained fewer nucleotide differences in the positive regulatory domain III (PRD III), PRD IV, and PRD I compared to the IFN-β1 and IFN-β2 promoter. Collectively, these studies provide evidence that virus infection differentially stimulates expression of the three bovine IFN-β genes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Infection of cultured bovine cells with bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) or Sendai virus induces different beta interferon subtypes

Silva

Jones

2011

Virus Research

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“…Positions of immediate-early transcripts and LR transcript are shown (arrows). IE 2.9 is the 2.9-kb immediate-early transcript derived from IEtu1, and E 2.6 is the 2.6-kb early transcript (26,27). IE 2.9 and E 2.6 are translated into identical proteins which have transcriptional transacting activity; the position of the stop codon (F) is indicated.…”

Section: Immunodetection Of 41-kda Protein In Bhv-1-infected Bt Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of gene products encoded by the latency-related gene of bovine herpesvirus 1

Hossain

Schang

Jones

1995

J Virol

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Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) establishes a latent infection in sensory ganglionic neurons of infected animals. Expression of latency-related (LR) gene products is controlled by a 980-bp fragment (LR promoter).DNA sequence analysis revealed that two major open reading frames (ORFs) are in the LR gene. Antibodies directed against both ORFs were generated in rabbits by using synthetic peptides. Antibody P2, which is directed to sequences near the amino terminus of ORF 2, recognized a 41-kDa protein in lytically infected cells, suggesting that ORF 2 encodes a protein. When the LR gene was inserted into a mammalian expression vector and subsequently transfected into COS-7 cells, a 41-kDa protein was detected by use of silver-stained sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels and by the P2 antibody. In contrast, this protein was not detected in mock-transfected cells. Deletion of DNA sequences containing ORF 2 blocked synthesis of the 41-kDa protein in COS-7 cells. Reverse transcriptase-mediated PCRs indicated that splicing occurs near the C terminus of ORF 2. Further studies indicated that LR RNA was alternatively spliced in latently infected cattle and that a fraction of LR RNA was poly(A) ؉ . Taken together, these studies suggested that a spliced LR transcript has the potential to encode a 41-kDa protein.

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“…In contrast, in the alphaherpesviruses, IE genes are located within repeated regions of the genome or in unique sequences adjacent to the repeats. IE genes have been mapped to repeat regions in the alphaherpesviruses herpes simplex virus type 1, bovine herpesvirus 1, varicella-zoster virus, equine herpesvirus 1, and pseudorabies virus (2,6,7,12,16,26,37). The position of the IE genes in the CCV genome, along with the short replication cycle and rapid destruction of cells in tissue culture (25), suggests that CCV is more closely related to the alphaherpesviruses than to other subfamilies of herpesviruses.…”

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confidence: 99%

Immediate-early transcription from the channel catfish virus genome: characterization of two immediate-early transcripts

Silverstein

Bird

Santen

et al. 1995

J Virol

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With cDNA probes and by Northern (RNA) blot analysis, a region containing immediate-early (IE) genes in the channel catfish virus (CCV) genome was identified. IE transcription in CCV-infected cells appears to be restricted to the terminal repeat region, suggesting that CCV is most closely related to the alpha subfamily of herpesviruses. CCV DNA fragments from this region encoding IE transcripts were cloned. Northern analysis with one of these cloned fragments, a 3,927-bp EcoRI-XbaI fragment, indicates that it encodes two IE transcripts. Both transcripts (ie1 and ie2) were characterized by S1 nuclease analysis, primer extension analysis, and analysis of cDNAs. The ie2 transcript is a 1.3-kb bicistronic mRNA containing open reading frame (ORF) 8a and ORF 9. ORF 8a is a 5-truncated version of ORF 8 which, along with ORF 9, was previously identified (A. J. Davison, Virology 186:9-14, 1992). The ie1 transcript is 0.6 kb in size, contains only ORF 9, and is expressed at a level approximately six times that of ie2 in cycloheximide-treated cells. The putative product of ORF 9 is predicted to have a basic pI and contains a potential zinc-binding domain, making it a probable transcription factor. ORF 8a encodes a putative product which is very hydrophobic, an unusual characteristic for an IE protein.

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The three major immediate-early transcripts of bovine herpesvirus 1 arise from two divergent and spliced transcription units

Cited by 102 publications

References 72 publications

Infection of cultured bovine cells with bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) or Sendai virus induces different beta interferon subtypes

Infection of cultured bovine cells with bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) or Sendai virus induces different beta interferon subtypes

Identification of gene products encoded by the latency-related gene of bovine herpesvirus 1

Immediate-early transcription from the channel catfish virus genome: characterization of two immediate-early transcripts

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