The Three Faces of Work-Family Conflict: The Poor, the Professionals, and the Missing Middle

Williams, Joan C.; Boushey, Heather

doi:10.2139/ssrn.2126314

Cited by 109 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Indeed, the t-statistic values corresponding to in-home and outof-home work are well below the 5% level of significance, except for mothers in out-ofhome work activity. These low elasticity effects of the presence of children on work activity also reinforces the notion of Williams and Boushey (2010) that "the United…”

Section: Magnitude Effects Of Variablessupporting

confidence: 64%

“…This strand of research originates in the concern that the twoworker household structure deprives individuals of needed time for family and relaxation (regardless of gender) and has adverse effects on their quality of life. Several studies have linked the time crunch experienced by dual-earner households to a rising sense of workfamily conflict (Hochschild, 1997, Nomaguchi, 2009, Tezli and Gauthier, 2009, Williams and Boushey, 2010, Goodin, 2010. These papers describe the struggle to balance work and home activities and responsibilities experienced in dual-earner households, regardless of income levels and occupational categories.…”

Section: Literature On Time Use In Dual-earner Householdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These papers describe the struggle to balance work and home activities and responsibilities experienced in dual-earner households, regardless of income levels and occupational categories. For example, Williams and Boushey (2010) indicated that individuals who belong to low-income dual earner households tend to have more responsibilities for the care of family members and more irregular work hours. Middle-income dual earner households have experienced an increasing struggle to keep up with rising inflation levels since the 1960s.…”

Section: Literature On Time Use In Dual-earner Householdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An empirical investigation into the time-use and activity patterns of dual-earner couples with and without young children

Bernardo

Paleti

Hoklas

et al. 2015

Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice

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Section: Magnitude Effects Of Variablessupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Literature On Time Use In Dual-earner Householdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature On Time Use In Dual-earner Householdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

An empirical investigation into the time-use and activity patterns of dual-earner couples with and without young children

Bernardo

Paleti

Hoklas

et al. 2015

Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice

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“…While stimulating researchers to study the different life experience of doubly disadvantaged groups (e.g., Browne and Misra, 2003;Collins, 1999;hooks, 1984;, intersectionality has yet to be sufficiently translated into empirical studies that compare different groups of women across the class spectrum (McCall, 2005). Within the extensive and variegated research on welfare states and gender inequality, diversity among women is not commonly highlighted, despite recent calls to recognize its importance in this context (e.g., Esping-Andersen 2009; Mandel and Shalev, 2009a;O'Connor, Orloff and Shaver, 1999;Shalev, 2008;Warren, 2003;Williams and Boushey, 2010).…”

Section: Policies For Gender Wage Inequalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Winners and Losers: The Consequences of Welfare State Policies for Gender Wage Inequality

Mandel¹

2010

European Sociological Review

128

126

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in EconStor may AbstractCross-national studies of the impact of welfare states on gender inequality tend to overlook socioeconomic divisions among women. This paper challenges the implicit assumption that welfare states have uniform effects on the labour market attainments of all women, arguing that the impact of state intervention is necessarily conditioned by women's relative advantage or disadvantage in the labour market. Based on micro-datasets from 21 advanced countries, the findings suggest that welfare state policies interact with socioeconomic position in determining women's economic rewards, tending to penalize highly skilled women while benefiting the less-skilled. Highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of social policies in light of the particular groups they benefit, as well as their implications for other groups, the paper concludes that more research is needed to explore differentiated approaches to reconciling work and family, rather than addressing universal work-family tensions.1 Winners and Losers: The Contradictory Consequences of Welfare State Policies for Gender Wage InequalityThis study stresses the importance of class differences for cross-country comparisons of gender inequality in general, and for understanding the effect of welfare state policies on gender earnings inequality in particular. Acknowledging the role of class divisions among women, the study draws on insights from the feminist notion of intersectionality, which has become a major theme in feminist studies. While stimulating researchers to study the different life experience of doubly disadvantaged groups (e.g., Browne and Misra, 2003;Collins, 1999; hooks, 1984;, intersectionality has yet to be sufficiently translated into empirical studies that compare different groups of women across the class spectrum The notion of intersectionality has mainly been concerned with the unique experience of black (as opposed to white) women (e.g., Browne and Misra, 2003;Collins, 1999), whereas the literature on the welfare state and gender has focused mainly on comparing the situation of women (as opposed to men) in different institutional contexts. In emphasizing inequality on the basis of gender per se, this literature has primarily highlighted elements that unite, rather than split, women. As women of all societies and social groups share the universal tension between work and family, public policies aimed at easing women's access to independent sour...

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“…Ninety percent of working mothers reported experiencing conflict while trying to balance their personal, family, and work demands and responsibilities. 2 The conflict is often stimulated by a host of factors, including organizational constraints, which may include time spent at work (38% of working mothers spend 50þ hours per week at work 1 ), travel requirements, the need to be present (''face time'') to complete work tasks, and inflexible work schedules. 3,4 Conflict is also exacerbated by a variety of individual contributors, such as the need to parent and complete household responsibilities such as cooking, cleaning, laundry, and other domestic tasks.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Navigating Motherhood and the Role of the Head Athletic Trainer in the Collegiate Setting

Mazerolle

Eason

2016

Journal of Athletic Training

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A total of 22 female head ATs (average age ¼ 40 6 8 years) who were married with children completed our study. Our participants had been certified for 15.5 6 7.5 years and in their current positions as head ATs for 9 6 8 years.Data Collection and Analysis: We conducted online interviews with all participants. Participants journaled their reflections on a series of open-ended questions pertaining to their experiences as head ATs. Data were analyzed following a general inductive approach. Credibility was confirmed through peer review and researcher triangulation.Results: We identified 3 major contributors to work-life conflict. Two speak to organizational influences on conflict: work demands and time of year. The role of motherhood, which was more of a personal contributor, also precipitated conflict for our ATs. Four themes emerged as work-life balance facilitators: planning, attitude and perspective, support networks, and workplace integration. Support was defined at both the personal and professional levels.Conclusions: In terms of the organization, our participants juggled long work hours, travel, and administrative tasks. Individually and socioculturally, they overcame their guilt and their need to be present and an active part of the parenting process. These mothers demonstrated the ability to cope with their demanding roles as both moms and head ATs.Key Words: mentorship, work-life balance, gender Key PointsThis group of female head athletic trainers who were also mothers experienced conflicts among their roles. They coped with these demanding roles by planning, being adaptable, relying on support, and integrating the roles. Having a realistic but positive attitude reduced stress and improved their outlook. W omen have long faced the challenge of balancing work and family. Despite recent reports that suggested men face similar burdens as women do, a 2013 Pew Research survey 1 indicated that women were still 3 times more likely than men to face hardships. Hardships may stem from role overload, feelings of guilt about and responsibility for the household, domestic and child-rearing duties, and work-related expectations and the need for balance. Ninety percent of working mothers reported experiencing conflict while trying to balance their personal, family, and work demands and responsibilities.

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The Three Faces of Work-Family Conflict: The Poor, the Professionals, and the Missing Middle

Cited by 109 publications

References 93 publications

An empirical investigation into the time-use and activity patterns of dual-earner couples with and without young children

An empirical investigation into the time-use and activity patterns of dual-earner couples with and without young children

Winners and Losers: The Consequences of Welfare State Policies for Gender Wage Inequality

Navigating Motherhood and the Role of the Head Athletic Trainer in the Collegiate Setting

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