The Three-Dimensional Dynamics of Dipping Faults

Oglesby, D. D.; Archuleta, Ralph J.; Nielsen, S. B.

doi:10.1785/0119990113

Cited by 141 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…They found systematically lower accelerations of the model surface near the normal faults when compared to strike-slip faults. Similar results have been obtained with numerical models (Shi et al, 2003;Oglesby et al, 1998Oglesby et al, , 2000a. The effect of a shallow weak and creeping zone on ground motions from strike-slip earthquakes has been studied quantitatively using foam models by Brune and Anooshehpoor (1998).…”

Section: Ground Motionsupporting

confidence: 65%

“…Shi et al (1998) and Shi and Brune (2005) were able to reproduce and refine the experimental results numerically. Several numerical studies confirmed their results (Oglesby et al, 1998(Oglesby et al, , 2000aMa and Beroza, 2008;Nielsen, 1998;Gabuchian et al, 2017). Gabuchian et al (2014Gabuchian et al ( , 2017 most recently revisited this issue by means of experiments using homalite as a rock analogue.…”

Section: Ground Motionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Foam/silicone Dominguez et al (2015, Kaneko et al (2010) Seismic cycle Thrust/normal fault Foam Brune (1996), Brune and Anooshehpoor (1999) Shi et al (1998, Oglesby et al (1998Oglesby et al ( , 2000a, Ma and Beroza (2000), Nielsen (1998) Rupture dynamics, ground motion Strike slip Foam Caniven et al (2015), Brune and Anooshehpoor (1998), Day et al (2008) Ben-Zion and Rice (1997), Lapusta and Rice (2003), Tullis et al (2012a, b), Day et al (2008) Seismic cycle, rupture dynamics, ground motion Table 2. Dimensionless numbers used in analogue earthquake models (see text for discussion).…”

Section: Experimental Approaches Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analogue earthquakes and seismic cycles: experimental modelling across timescales

2017

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Abstract. Earth deformation is a multi-scale process ranging from seconds (seismic deformation) to millions of years (tectonic deformation). Bridging short-and long-term deformation and developing seismotectonic models has been a challenge in experimental tectonics for more than a century. Since the formulation of Reid's elastic rebound theory 100 years ago, laboratory mechanical models combining frictional and elastic elements have been used to study the dynamics of earthquakes. In the last decade, with the advent of high-resolution monitoring techniques and new rock analogue materials, laboratory earthquake experiments have evolved from simple spring-slider models to scaled analogue models. This evolution was accomplished by advances in seismology and geodesy along with relatively frequent occurrences of large earthquakes in the past decade. This coincidence has significantly increased the quality and quantity of relevant observations in nature and triggered a new understanding of earthquake dynamics. We review here the developments in analogue earthquake modelling with a focus on those seismotectonic scale models that are directly comparable to observational data on short to long timescales. We lay out the basics of analogue modelling, namely scaling, materials and monitoring, as applied in seismotectonic modelling. An overview of applications highlights the contributions of analogue earthquake models in bridging timescales of observations including earthquake statistics, rupture dynamics, ground motion, and seismic-cycle deformation up to seismotectonic evolution.

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Section: Ground Motionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Ground Motionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Experimental Approaches Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analogue earthquakes and seismic cycles: experimental modelling across timescales

2017

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“…However, this 1-D parameter does not describe potential 2-D complexities in the shape of the landslide distribution area. For example, across-strike asymmetry often exists for thrust faults where the hanging wall may experience larger shaking (Oglesby et al, 2000) and therefore has more intense landsliding over a larger distance (Gorum et al, 2011). This hanging wall effect is difficult to isolate because for dip-slip faults the topography in the hanging wall is usually closer to the earthquake source and also more prone to landsliding due to larger relief and steepness.…”

Section: Directivity and Asymmetry In Landslide Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of the area affected by earthquake-induced landsliding based on seismological parameters

Marc

Meunier

Hovius

2017

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. We present an analytical, seismologically consistent expression for the surface area of the region within which most landslides triggered by an earthquake are located (landslide distribution area). This expression is based on scaling laws relating seismic moment, source depth, and focal mechanism with ground shaking and fault rupture length and assumes a globally constant threshold of acceleration for onset of systematic mass wasting. The seismological assumptions are identical to those recently used to propose a seismologically consistent expression for the total volume and area of landslides triggered by an earthquake. To test the accuracy of the model we gathered geophysical information and estimates of the landslide distribution area for 83 earthquakes. To reduce uncertainties and inconsistencies in the estimation of the landslide distribution area, we propose an objective definition based on the shortest distance from the seismic wave emission line containing 95 % of the total landslide area. Without any empirical calibration the model explains 56 % of the variance in our dataset, and predicts 35 to 49 out of 83 cases within a factor of 2, depending on how we account for uncertainties on the seismic source depth. For most cases with comprehensive landslide inventories we show that our prediction compares well with the smallest region around the fault containing 95 % of the total landslide area. Aspects ignored by the model that could explain the residuals include local variations of the threshold of acceleration and processes modulating the surface ground shaking, such as the distribution of seismic energy release on the fault plane, the dynamic stress drop, and rupture directivity. Nevertheless, its simplicity and first-order accuracy suggest that the model can yield plausible and useful estimates of the landslide distribution area in near-real time, with earthquake parameters issued by standard detection routines.

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“…Full-space model is a good approximation for cases in which the faults are buried at some depth (Oglesby et al, 2000;Zhang and Chen, 2006b), but it is invalid for a large number of great earthquakes in which the ruptures run directly to the free surface and there exists strong interaction between the fault and the free surface (see, e.g., Nielsen 1998). In view of this, Aochi and his co-workers approximated the effect of free surface Aochi and Madariga, 2003) by applying the image method (Quin, 1990) and studied dynamic rupture propagation on vertical strike-slip fault system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boundary integral equations for dynamic rupture propagation on vertical complex fault system in half-space: Theory

2010

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The boundary integral equation method (BIEM) is now widely used in numerical studies on earthquake rupture dynamics, and is proved to be a powerful tool to deal with problems on complex fault system. However, since this method heavily lies on the specific forms of Green's function and only the Green's function in full-space has a closed analytic expression, it is usually limited to a full-space medium. In this study, as a first step to extend this method to an arbitrary complex fault system in half-space, the boundary integral equations (BIEs) for dynamic strike-slip on vertical complex fault system in half-space are derived based on exact Green's function for isotropic and homogeneous half-space. Effect of the geometry of the complex fault system are dealt with carefully. Final BIEs is composed of two parts: contribution from full-space, which has been thoroughly investigated by Aochi and his co-workers by using the Green's function for full-space, and that from free surface, which is studied in detail in this study.

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The Three-Dimensional Dynamics of Dipping Faults

Abstract: Recent two-dimensional dynamic simulations of dip-slip faulting (Niel

Cited by 141 publications

References 21 publications

Analogue earthquakes and seismic cycles: experimental modelling across timescales

Analogue earthquakes and seismic cycles: experimental modelling across timescales

Prediction of the area affected by earthquake-induced landsliding based on seismological parameters

Boundary integral equations for dynamic rupture propagation on vertical complex fault system in half-space: Theory

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