The Three Agricultural Problems in the Disequilibrium of World Agriculture

Hayami, Yūjirō; Godo, Yoshihisa

doi:10.37801/ajad2004.1.1.1

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Underlying this disequilibrium are the different agricultural problems confronting these countries depending on their stage of development. The above, in a sense, echoes Schultz' (1953 and1978) observation (as cited in Hayami and Godo 2004) that agricultural problems confronted by low-income and high-income economies differ. Low-income countries face a food problem because of rapid population growth and high food demand elasticity, and are under the constant threat of food shortages.…”

Section: The Asean Economiessupporting

confidence: 61%

“…As cited by Hayami and Godo (2004), the income elasticity of direct calorie consumption per day per capita declines, with the figures ranging from 0.16 in low-income countries to 0.045 for middle-income countries. It even turns negative (-0.055) in high-income countries.…”

Section: Effect Of Income Growth On Consumption Differs By Income Levelmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Low-income countries face a food problem because of rapid population growth and high food demand elasticity, and are under the constant threat of food shortages. High-income countries, on the other hand, face a farm problem (or a protection problem according to Hayami and Godo 2004). Since population growth is slow and food consumption has reached saturation, the problem faced by highincome countries is that of declining food prices and farm income.…”

Section: The Asean Economiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ensuring Food Security – A Case for ASEAN Integration

Bello¹

2005

AJAD

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The ASEAN member countries can be grouped into three sub-groups, each of which exhibits a distinct pattern with respect to food security issues. The first group is made up of the relatively food-secure countries of Singapore and Brunei. The second group consists of Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines, Indonesia, and Vietnam. In these countries, except for Vietnam, agriculture has contributed a declining share in GDP, employment, and international trade. In addition, food habits in these countries have changed dramatically in recent decades. The third group is composed of Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Myanmar—economies in transition that require special attention. A simple exercise shows that the area can collectively achieve food security via trade in rice and maize. Trade facilitation measures and the harmonization/equivalency of food regulation and control standards will reduce the cost of trade in food products. While specialization and revealed comparative and competitive indices point to complementarities between trade patterns among the ASEAN member countries, intra-ASEAN trade in agriculture is quite small. However, integration could address this problem. Further, if integration is to be used as a venue for ensuring food security, the member countries must agree on what food security collectively means to them, and what food items are important to each of them and the region, in general, so that regional integration and cooperation under the auspices of ASEAN can be promoted.

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Section: The Asean Economiessupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Effect Of Income Growth On Consumption Differs By Income Levelmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: The Asean Economiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ensuring Food Security – A Case for ASEAN Integration

Bello¹

2005

AJAD

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“…The latter factor comes about partly in response to an "agricultural problem" resulting from disequilibria brought about by disparate growth experiences of the agriculture and non-agriculture sectors as countries go through the different development stages. Hayami and Godo (2004) describe the agricultural problem as "the problem of an overriding concern of policymakers with respect to designing and implementing policies for agriculture as part of policies to promote national economies in their own countries." Following Schultz (1953), they refer to the agricultural problem faced by the low-income countries as the "food problem."…”

Section: Structural Transformation and The Agricultural Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, Hayami and Godo (2004) refer to the agricultural problem faced by high-income countries as the "protection problem." The problem has to do with food demand growing more slowly than food supply.…”

Section: Structural Transformation and The Agricultural Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rural Poverty in Southeast Asia: Issues, Policies, and Challenges

Balisacan¹,

Edillon²,

Piza³

2005

AJAD

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Economic growth among Southeast Asian countries during the last 25 years has averaged at five percent per year and has been accompanied by a decline in the relative importance of agriculture in the national output and employment. The response of poverty to this growth and structural transformation has been equally remarkable, with the headcount ratio in 2002 registering a more than 50 percent drop from the 1990 figure. Although impressive, Southeast Asia's overall record in growth and poverty reduction has not been uniform, as evident in the experiences of countries like Indonesia, Philippines and East Timor, as well as the transition economies, namely, Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar and Vietnam. In these countries, liberalizing agricultural trade, combined with public investment in productivity-enhancing support services, would advance the interests of the poor. To contribute in the efforts to strengthen the continuing war on poverty especially in these transition economies, the paper highlights the lessons learned in poverty reduction so as to identify more clearly the policy options for achieving the Millenium Development Goals in the Region. One powerful lesson that has emerged in tackling poverty and food insecurity concerns the use of policy, investment and institutional reforms to enable the rural poor to partake of the windfall from efficient domestic markets and the improved access to technology, infrastructure and education. The success stories would show that the main push to these efficiency-enhancing reforms has come, not from globalization nor agricultural policy but from the internal realization that the country and its citizens were the major beneficiaries of the reform. Another important challenge facing countries in the Region is to find the appropriate mix of policies and institutions that would maximize the enormous benefits from globalization while protecting against its risks and pitfalls. Lastly, given that the investment requirements for poverty reduction are beyond the resources of low-income countries, the paper identifies the critical role of the development assistance community.

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Agricultural Development in China: Comparison with Japanese Experience

Hoken

2022

Growth Mechanisms and Sustainable Development of the Chinese Economy

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The Three Agricultural Problems in the Disequilibrium of World Agriculture

Cited by 12 publications

References 2 publications

Ensuring Food Security – A Case for ASEAN Integration

Ensuring Food Security – A Case for ASEAN Integration

Rural Poverty in Southeast Asia: Issues, Policies, and Challenges

Agricultural Development in China: Comparison with Japanese Experience

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