The threat (or not) of insecticide resistance for malaria control

Thomas, Matthew B.; Read, Andrew F.

doi:10.1073/pnas.1609889113

Cited by 56 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…The extent to which the observed widespread and high levels of insecticide resistance threaten malaria control and elimination efforts remains unclear (Rivero, Vézilier, Weill, Read, & Gandon, ; Strode, Donegan, Garner, Enayati, & Hemingway, ; Thomas & Read, ). A recently concluded multicountry assessment to determine the impact of insecticide resistance on the protective effectiveness of LLINs, and thus on malaria transmission, showed there was no evidence of an association between malaria disease burden and pyrethroid resistance across locations (World Health Organization, ).…”

Section: Antimalarial Interventions and Their Evolutionary Consequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Putting evolution in elimination: Winning our ongoing battle with evolving malaria mosquitoes and parasites

Huijben

Paaijmans

2017

Evolutionary Applications

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Since 2000, the world has made significant progress in reducing malaria morbidity and mortality, and several countries in Africa, South America and South‐East Asia are working hard to eliminate the disease. These elimination efforts continue to rely heavily on antimalarial drugs and insecticide‐based interventions, which remain the cornerstones of malaria treatment and prevention. However, resistance has emerged against nearly every antimalarial drug and insecticide that is available. In this review we discuss the evolutionary consequences of the way we currently implement antimalarial interventions, which is leading to resistance and may ultimately lead to control failure, but also how evolutionary principles can be applied to extend the lifespan of current and novel interventions. A greater understanding of the general evolutionary principles that are at the core of emerging resistance is urgently needed if we are to develop improved resistance management strategies with the ultimate goal to achieve a malaria‐free world.

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Section: Antimalarial Interventions and Their Evolutionary Consequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Putting evolution in elimination: Winning our ongoing battle with evolving malaria mosquitoes and parasites

Huijben

Paaijmans

2017

Evolutionary Applications

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“…The vast majority of LLINs are treated with pyrethroids alone, and there is now major concern that the rapid spread of this pyrethroid resistance could render LLINs ineffective, compromising not only current control but also potentially undoing the public health gains of recent years (Hemingway et al., ). As yet, however, there is no clear indication of wide‐scale control failure of LLINs (Strode, Donegan, Garner, Enayati, & Hemingway, ; Thomas & Read, ; Viana, Hughes, Matthiopoulos, Ranson, & Ferguson, ; World Health Organization ). The reason for this is unclear, but, given the enormous public health implications, better understanding the link (or lack thereof) between resistance and disease control is a major research priority (Sternberg & Thomas, ; Thomas & Read, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empirical and theoretical investigation into the potential impacts of insecticide resistance on the effectiveness of insecticide‐treated bed nets

Glunt

Coetzee

Huijben

et al. 2017

Evolutionary Applications

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In spite of widespread insecticide resistance in vector mosquitoes throughout Africa, there is limited evidence that long‐lasting insecticidal bed nets (LLINs) are failing to protect against malaria. Here, we showed that LLIN contact in the course of host‐seeking resulted in higher mortality of resistant Anopheles spp. mosquitoes than predicted from standard laboratory exposures with the same net. We also found that sublethal contact with an LLIN caused a reduction in blood feeding and subsequent host‐seeking success in multiple lines of resistant mosquitoes from the laboratory and the field. Using a transmission model, we showed that when these LLIN‐related lethal and sublethal effects were accrued over mosquito lifetimes, they greatly reduced the impact of resistance on malaria transmission potential under conditions of high net coverage. If coverage falls, the epidemiological impact is far more pronounced. Similarly, if the intensity of resistance intensifies, the loss of malaria control increases nonlinearly. Our findings help explain why insecticide resistance has not yet led to wide‐scale failure of LLINs, but reinforce the call for alternative control tools and informed resistance management strategies.

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“…Mosquito population control using public health insecticides has historically been the most effective way to control mosquito-borne diseases when vaccines are not available. Increasing insecticide resistance in vector populations has seriously decreased the efficacy of this approach [6,7,8]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Diets for Mosquitoes

Gonzales

Hansen

2016

IJERPH

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Mosquito-borne diseases are responsible for more than a million human deaths every year. Modern mosquito control strategies such as sterile insect technique (SIT), release of insects carrying a dominant lethal (RIDL), population replacement strategies (PR), and Wolbachia-based strategies require the rearing of large numbers of mosquitoes in culture for continuous release over an extended period of time. Anautogenous mosquitoes require essential nutrients for egg production, which they obtain through the acquisition and digestion of a protein-rich blood meal. Therefore, mosquito mass production in laboratories and other facilities relies on vertebrate blood from live animal hosts. However, vertebrate blood is expensive to acquire and hard to store for longer times especially under field conditions. This review discusses older and recent studies that were aimed at the development of artificial diets for mosquitoes in order to replace vertebrate blood.

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The threat (or not) of insecticide resistance for malaria control

Cited by 56 publications

References 20 publications

Putting evolution in elimination: Winning our ongoing battle with evolving malaria mosquitoes and parasites

Putting evolution in elimination: Winning our ongoing battle with evolving malaria mosquitoes and parasites

Empirical and theoretical investigation into the potential impacts of insecticide resistance on the effectiveness of insecticide‐treated bed nets

Artificial Diets for Mosquitoes

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