The THO/TREX Complex Component RAE2/TEX1 Is Involved in the Regulation of Aluminum Resistance and Low Phosphate Response in Arabidopsis

Zhu, Yifang; Guo, Jinliang; Zhang, Yang; Huang, Chao‐Feng

doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.698443

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Recently, Guo et al (2020) found that HPR1 is involved in the regulation of Al resistance and low Pi response partly through the modulation of nucleocytoplasmic STOP1 mRNA export [101]. Another core component of the THO complex, RAE2/TEX1, has also been found to regulate Al resistance and low Pi response [102]. However, RAE2 did not affect STOP1 mRNA accumulation in the nucleus, although STOP1 protein level was reduced in rae2.…”

Section: Regulatory Factors Involved In Almt1 and Mate1 Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Advances in the Mutual Mechanisms Regulating Response of Plant Roots to Phosphate Deficiency and Aluminum Toxicity

Chen

Wang

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Low phosphate (Pi) availability and high aluminum (Al) toxicity constitute two major plant mineral nutritional stressors that limit plant productivity on acidic soils. Advances toward the identification of genes and signaling networks that are involved in both stresses in model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana and rice (Oryza sativa), and in other plants as well have revealed that some factors such as organic acids (OAs), cell wall properties, phytohormones, and iron (Fe) homeostasis are interconnected with each other. Moreover, OAs are involved in recruiting of many plant-growth-promoting bacteria that are able to secrete both OAs and phosphatases to increase Pi availability and decrease Al toxicity. In this review paper, we summarize these mutual mechanisms by which plants deal with both Al toxicity and P starvation, with emphasis on OA secretion regulation, plant-growth-promoting bacteria, transcription factors, transporters, hormones, and cell wall-related kinases in the context of root development and root system architecture remodeling that plays a determinant role in improving P use efficiency and Al resistance on acidic soils.

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Section: Regulatory Factors Involved In Almt1 and Mate1 Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Advances in the Mutual Mechanisms Regulating Response of Plant Roots to Phosphate Deficiency and Aluminum Toxicity

Chen

Wang

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…Thus, instead of full length EDS8 protein (also named THO1 and HPR1), a truncated version of it was produced in the eds8 mutant (Figure 3C). The At5g09860 encodes a component of the THO/TREX complex and has been identified in several studies to regulate plant responses to stresses including phosphate starvation, aluminum resistance, and plant basal defense [22,[29][30][31][32]. To further confirm that At5g09860 is the underlying gene for the SA and JA insensitive phenotypes of the eds8 mutant, we used another mutant allele of At5g09860, hpr1-5, which has the same mutation as eds8, to check if it showed similar responses to SA and JA [33].…”

Section: Identification Of Eds8 Gene Using Mapping-by-sequencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The THO/TREX complex is conserved in yeast, plants, and animals [22]. In plants, it has been shown to regulate plant responses to stresses including phosphate starvation and aluminum toxin [22]. The involvement of THO/TREX complex in SA and JA signaling was further confirmed by checking the mutant phenotypes of another THO/TREX component, THO3.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Mapping-by-sequencing determined that a mutation in suppressor of the transcriptional defects of Hpr1 mutants by overexpression 1 (THO1), which encodes a component of THO/TREX complex, was introduced into the eds8 mutant. The THO/TREX complex is conserved in yeast, plants, and animals [22]. In plants, it has been shown to regulate plant responses to stresses including phosphate starvation and aluminum toxin [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The THO/TREX Complex Active in Alternative Splicing Mediates Plant Responses to Salicylic Acid and Jasmonic Acid

Sun

Kong

Liu

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) are essential plant immune hormones, which could induce plant resistance to multiple pathogens. However, whether common components are employed by both SA and JA to induce defense is largely unknown. In this study, we found that the enhanced disease susceptibility 8 (EDS8) mutant was compromised in plant defenses to hemibiotrophic pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ES4326 and necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea, and was deficient in plant responses to both SA and JA. The EDS8 was identified to be THO1, which encodes a subunit of the THO/TREX complex, by using mapping-by-sequencing. To check whether the EDS8 itself or the THO/TREX complex mediates SA and JA signaling, the mutant of another subunit of the THO/TREX complex, THO3, was tested. THO3 mutation reduced both SA and JA induced defenses, indicating that the THO/TREX complex is critical for plant responses to these two hormones. We further proved that the THO/TREX interacting protein SERRATE, a factor regulating alternative splicing (AS), was involved in plant responses to SA and JA. Thus, the AS events in the eds8 mutant after SA or JA treatment were determined, and we found that the SA and JA induced different alternative splicing events were majorly modulated by EDS8. In summary, our study proves that the THO/TREX complex active in AS is involved in both SA and JA induced plant defenses.

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“…Indeed, the ubiquitin ligase RAE1 (REGULATION OF ALMT1 EXPRESSION1) and RAH1 (RAE1 homolog1), the SUMO (small ubiquitin-related modifier) E3 ligase SIZ1 (SAP and MIZ1 domain-containing ligase1), and the SUMO protease ESD4 (EARLY IN SHORT DAYS4) are regulators of STOP1 abundance ( Godon et al, 2019 ; Zhang et al, 2019 ; Fang et al, 2021a , b ; Xu et al, 2021 ), and STOP1 is SUMOylated in planta ( Fang et al, 2020 ). Furthermore, hyperrecombination protein 1 (HPR1) and TEX1, two proteins of the conserved THO/TREX complex involved in transcription, messenger RNA (mRNA) processing, and nucleocytoplasmic export of transcripts also reduce STOP1 abundance ( Guo et al, 2020 ; Zhu et al, 2021 ). Apart from these proteins, which are not specific to STOP1 signaling, we do not know the steps upstream of STOP1 in this pathway, in particular, the Al-sensing mechanism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncoupling Aluminum Toxicity From Aluminum Signals in the STOP1 Pathway

et al. 2022

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Aluminum (Al) is a major limiting factor for crop production on acidic soils, inhibiting root growth and plant development. At acidic pH (pH < 5.5), Al3+ ions are the main form of Al present in the media. Al3+ ions have an increased solubility at pH < 5.5 and result in plant toxicity. At higher pH, the free Al3+ fraction decreases in the media, but whether plants can detect Al at these pHs remain unknown. To cope with Al stress, the SENSITIVE TO PROTON RHIZOTOXICITY1 (STOP1) transcription factor induces AL-ACTIVATED MALATE TRANSPORTER1 (ALMT1), a malate-exuding transporter as a strategy to chelate the toxic ions in the rhizosphere. Here, we uncoupled the Al signalling pathway that controls STOP1 from Al toxicity using wild type (WT) and two stop1 mutants carrying the pALMT1:GUS construct with an agar powder naturally containing low amounts of phosphate, iron (Fe), and Al. We combined gene expression [real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and the pALMT1:GUS reporter], confocal microscopy (pSTOP1:GFP-STOP1 reporter), and root growth measurement to assess the effects of Al and Fe on the STOP1-ALMT1 pathway in roots. Our results show that Al triggers STOP1 signaling at a concentration as little as 2 μM and can be detected at a pH above 6.0. We observed that at pH 5.7, 20 μM AlCl3 induces ALMT1 in WT but does not inhibit root growth in stop1 Al-hypersensitive mutants. Increasing AlCl3 concentration (>50 μM) at pH 5.7 results in the inhibition of the stop1 mutants primary root. Using the green fluorescent protein (GFP)-STOP1 and ALMT1 reporters, we show that the Al signal pathway can be uncoupled from the Al toxicity on the root. Furthermore, we observe that Al strengthens the Fe-mediated inhibition of primary root growth in WT, suggesting an interaction between Fe and Al on the STOP1-ALMT1 pathway.

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The THO/TREX Complex Component RAE2/TEX1 Is Involved in the Regulation of Aluminum Resistance and Low Phosphate Response in Arabidopsis

Cited by 13 publications

References 52 publications

Research Advances in the Mutual Mechanisms Regulating Response of Plant Roots to Phosphate Deficiency and Aluminum Toxicity

Research Advances in the Mutual Mechanisms Regulating Response of Plant Roots to Phosphate Deficiency and Aluminum Toxicity

The THO/TREX Complex Active in Alternative Splicing Mediates Plant Responses to Salicylic Acid and Jasmonic Acid

Uncoupling Aluminum Toxicity From Aluminum Signals in the STOP1 Pathway

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