The things they carry: Victims’ documentation of forced disappearance in Colombia and Sri Lanka

Cronin-Furman, Kate; Krystalli, Roxani

doi:10.1177/1354066120946479

Cited by 27 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…This is because homicides are usually well-documented and recorded with a high level of accuracy, making it easier to analyse and understand the motives behind them (Trelles and Carreras, 2012). Other forms of violence such as torture, attacks, and forced disappearances may be more difficult to track and document, making them less reliable sources of information for understanding the dynamics of criminal organisations (Cronin-Furman and Krystalli, 2021;Stanley, 2004).…”

Section: Use Of Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

Governing the underworld: How organised crime governs other criminals

Sarmiento¹,

Trejos-Rosero²

2023

Preprint

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This article explores how organised criminal organisations exercise criminal governance over other individual criminals and gangs using lethal and extra-lethal violence. Drawing on extensive fieldwork, over 250 press reports, and an original database on inter-criminal lethal violence, we demonstrate that while these organisations use violence to build their reputation as actors willing to use force, they also provide benefits to other criminals such as financing and protection from state and competitors. This article contributes to the literature on criminal governance by expanding the understanding of how the criminal world is organised and how OCGs use their political influence to legitimize criminal governance.

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Section: Use Of Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

Governing the underworld: How organised crime governs other criminals

Sarmiento¹,

Trejos-Rosero²

2023

Preprint

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“…Institution-building can be equally undermined by post-war state leaders (Joshi, 2013) and international efforts can face broader local resistance (Mac Ginty, 2011), especially when external actors misunderstand local contexts (Autesserre, 2014) and evade local ownership and accountability (Campbell, 2018). As Cronin-Furman and Krystalli (2021) show, these efforts can also be strategically adapted by individuals, not least victims of armed conflict, as they navigate post-war politics, for example, in the context of transitional justice in Colombia and Sri Lanka.…”

Section: Transformation Of Conflict and Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

Civil war as a social process: actors and dynamics from pre- to post-war

Shesterinina

2022

European Journal of International Relations

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What accounts for overarching trajectories of civil wars? This article develops an account of civil war as a social process that connects dynamics of conflict from pre- to post-war periods through evolving interactions between nonstate, state, civilian, and external actors involved. It traces these dynamics to the mobilization and organization of nascent nonstate armed groups before the war, which can induce state repression and in some settings escalation of tensions through radicalization of actors, militarization of tactics, and polarization of societies, propelled by internal divisions and external support. Whether armed groups form from a small, clandestine core of dedicated recruits, broader networks, social movements, and/or fragmentation within the regime has consequences for their internal and external relations during the war. However, not only path-dependent but also endogenous dynamics shape overarching trajectories of civil wars. During the war, armed groups develop cohesion and fragment in the context of evolving internal politics, including socialization of fighters, institution-building in the areas that they control, which civilians can collectively resist, competition and cooperation with other nonstate and state forces, and external influence. After the war, armed groups transform to participate in continuing conflict and violence in different ways in interaction with multiple actors. This analysis highlights the contingency of civil wars and suggests that future research should focus on how relevant actors form and transform as they relate to one another to understand linkages between conflict dynamics over time and on continuities and discontinuities in these dynamics to grasp overarching trajectories of civil wars.

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“…Victims may choose to not register as a victim due to a lack of trust in the state and an unwillingness to engage with it. This decision could be a rebuke of the policy (Cronin-Furman & Krystalli, 2020;Sandoval Rojas, 2015). It may also be generated by fear, which is a conclusion reached by the Red Cross in Colombia.…”

Section: Selection Into Reporting Of State-led Victimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

State Violence and Participation in Transitional Justice: Evidence from Colombia

Voytas¹,

Crisman²

2022

Preprint

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Can the legacy of state violence undermine participation in transitional justice services designed to consolidate peace after conflict? We argue that, in the aftermath of armed fighting, state-perpetrated violence leads to reduced uptake of government reconciliation policies. We leverage spatial and temporal variation in levels of civilian victimization by perpetrator and find that, in contrast to violence committed by non-state groups, violence carried out by state forces against civilians is associated with lower levels of enlistment in Colombia's state-run victim's registry. We replicate this relationship using survey data and present evidence linking victimization by the state to lower levels of trust in the government overall. Together, our analyses demonstrate that disaggregating the identity of armed actors can provide significant theoretical and empirical advances in our understanding of peacemaking and post-conflict reconstruction. In the Colombian case, the legacy of state violence leads to the systematic exclusion of certain types of victims from transitional justice and undermines trust in the institutions responsible for building durable pathways to peace. Consequently, our findings have implications both for the design of transitional justice policies, the study of the legacies of conflict on political and social outcomes, and processes of post-conflict peacebuilding.

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The things they carry: Victims’ documentation of forced disappearance in Colombia and Sri Lanka

Cited by 27 publications

References 49 publications

Governing the underworld: How organised crime governs other criminals

Governing the underworld: How organised crime governs other criminals

Civil war as a social process: actors and dynamics from pre- to post-war

State Violence and Participation in Transitional Justice: Evidence from Colombia

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