The thermodynamics analysis and experimental validation for complicated systems in CO 2 hydrogenation process

Greenhouse gas CO2 hydrogenation to fuels: A thermodynamic analysis

“…The effect of feed composition on methanol formation was investigated by Iyer et al [18] for isothermal and adiabatic operation under vapor and vapor-liquid conditions. In another investigation, Jia et al [19] studied the thermodynamics of CO 2 hydrogenation to various products including methanol, but the influence of different reaction parameters on methanol selectivity in the presence of reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction was not examined. They found that methane formation from CO 2 was a thermodynamically most feasible reaction.…”

Highly efficient photocatalytic reduction of CO2 and H2O to CO and H2 with a cobalt bipyridyl complex

“…To date, many catalysts based on Ni [16] , Fe [17] , Co [18] , Mn [19] have been developed and studies of their photocatalytic CO 2 reduction performance have shown great promise in terms of efficiency and catalyst stability. In general, mixtures of products are obtained owing to a parallel reduction of protons to generate H 2 [20,21] . H 2 is also regarded as a highly effective and promising energy substitution [22,23] .…”

Formates for green catalytic reductions via CO2 hydrogenation, mediated by magnetically recoverable catalysts

“…Brunauer Emmet Teller model (BET) surface area, Barret Joiner Halenda model (BJH) desorption pore size distribution and total pore volume (relative pressure of p/p 0 = 0.98) of the catalysts have been determined by N 2 adsorption and desorption isotherm at 94 K, by using an automatic adsorption unit (Micromeritics ASAP 2010C) [6]. Each sample is subjected to a thermal pretreatment at 453 K for 20 h under vacuum, in order to desorb the substance adsorbed (mainly water) on the catalyst surface.…”

“…For instance, the reverse water gas shift reaction where CO and water is produced, may contribute, both to employ the surplus of H 2 deriving from virgin naphtha cracking simultaneously to a reduction of CO 2 emission by producing CO as intermediate [6].…”