The thermo-responsive behavior in molecular crystals of naphthalene diimides and their 3D printed thermochromic composites

Dharmarwardana, Madushani; Arimilli, Bhargav S.; Luzuriaga, Michael A.; Kwon, Sunah; Lee, Hamilton; Appuhamillage, Gayan A.; McCandless, Gregory T.; Smaldone, Ronald A.; Gassensmith, Jeremiah J.

doi:10.1039/c8ce00798e

“…After our discoveries that butoxyphenyl-NDI crystals 9 under temperature gradients exhibit irreversible thermosalience and reversible thermochromism, we expanded our search to other NDI derivatives based on alkyl chain length. 12 We hypothesize that longer chains and smaller ring overlaps might flatten the potential energy curve, thus facilitating the transition and improving the reversibility. Accordingly, we observe that this NDI family exhibits thermosalience and/or thermochromism across its many derivatives.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Rapidly Reversible Organic Crystalline Switch for Conversion of Heat into Mechanical Energy

Dharmarwardana¹,

Pakhira²,

Welch³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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<div> <div> <div> <p>Solid state thermosalience—a sudden exertion of an expansive or contractive physical force following a temperature change in a solid state compound—is rare, few are reversible systems, and most of these are limited to a dozen or so cycles before the crystal degrades or they reverse slowly over the course of many minutes or even hours. In this work, we show a fully reversible actuator that is stable at room temperature for multiple years and is capable of actuation for more than two hundred cycles at near ambient temperature. Specifically, the crystals shrink to 90% of its original length instantaneously upon heating beyond 45 °C and expands back to its original length upon cooling below 35 °C. This temperature regime is important because it occurs around physiologically important temperatures. Furthermore, the phase transition occurs instantaneously, with little obvious hysteresis, allowing us to create real-time actuating thermal fuses that cycle between on and off rapidly. </p> </div> </div> </div>

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“…After our discoveries that butoxyphenyl-NDI crystals9 under temperature gradients exhibit irreversible thermosalience and reversible thermochromism, we expanded our search to other NDI derivatives based on alkyl chain length. 12 We hypothesize that longer chains and smaller ring overlaps might flatten the potential energy curve, thus facilitating the transition and improving the reversibility. Accordingly, we observe that this NDI family exhibits thermosalience and/or thermochromism across its many derivatives.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Rapidly Reversible Organic Crystalline Switch for Conversion of Heat into Mechanical Energy

Gassensmith

¹

,

Dharmarwardana

²

,

Pakhira

³

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Solid state thermosalience—a sudden exertion of an expansive or contractive physical force following a temperature change in a solid state compound—is rare, few are reversible systems, and most of these are limited to a dozen or so cycles before the crystal degrades or they reverse slowly over the course of many minutes or even hours. In this work, we show a fully reversible actuator that is stable at room temperature for multiple years and is capable of actuation for more than two hundred cycles at near ambient temperature. Specifically, the crystals shrink to 90% of its original length instantaneously upon heating beyond 45 °C and expands back to its original length upon cooling below 35 °C. This temperature regime is important because it occurs around physiologically important temperatures. Furthermore, the phase transition occurs instantaneously, with little obvious hysteresis, allowing us to create real-time actuating thermal fuses that cycle between on and off rapidly.

show abstract

“…9 We have reported that the single-action thermosalient behavior is tunable across temperature ranges by altering the alkyl chain from four to nine carbons. 12 Here we report that, when the alkyl chain is 10 linear carbons, the thermosalient crystals show instantaneous reversible negative thermal expansion. Specifically, the crystals shrink to 90% of its original length instantaneously upon heating beyond 45 °C and, expand back to its original length upon cooling below 35 °C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Rapidly Reversible Organic Crystalline Switch for Conversion of Heat into Mechanical Energy

Dharmarwardana¹,

Pakhira²,

Welch³

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

<div> <div> <div> <p>Solid state thermosalience—a sudden exertion of an expansive or contractive physical force following a temperature change in a solid state compound—is rare, few are reversible systems, and most of these are limited to a dozen or so cycles before the crystal degrades or they reverse slowly over the course of many minutes or even hours. In this work, we show a fully reversible actuator that is stable at room temperature for multiple years and is capable of actuation for more than two hundred cycles at near ambient temperature. Specifically, the crystals shrink to 90% of its original length instantaneously upon heating beyond 45 °C and expands back to its original length upon cooling below 35 °C. This temperature regime is important because it occurs around physiologically important temperatures. Furthermore, the phase transition occurs instantaneously, with little obvious hysteresis, allowing us to create real-time actuating thermal fuses that cycle between on and off rapidly. </p> </div> </div> </div>

show abstract

The thermo-responsive behavior in molecular crystals of naphthalene diimides and their 3D printed thermochromic composites

Abstract: Alteration of the number of carbon atoms on the alkoxyphenyl substituent in naphthalene diimides results in tunable thermo-salient behavior.

Cited by 23 publications

References 54 publications

Rapidly Reversible Organic Crystalline Switch for Conversion of Heat into Mechanical Energy

Rapidly Reversible Organic Crystalline Switch for Conversion of Heat into Mechanical Energy

Rapidly Reversible Organic Crystalline Switch for Conversion of Heat into Mechanical Energy

Rapidly Reversible Organic Crystalline Switch for Conversion of Heat into Mechanical Energy

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