The Thermal Amidation of Carboxylic Acids Revisited

Abstract

Factors affecting the thermal condensation of carboxylic acids with amines have been investigated, and an effective protocol for this waste-minimized, environmentally benign transformation has been identified. Fourteen examples demonstrate the applicability of this procedure to aliphatic, aromatic and heteroaromatic carboxylic acids and primary and secondary aliphatic as well as aromatic amines. The approach leads to the corresponding amides in good yields.

Recent Developments in Amide Synthesis: Direct Amidation of Carboxylic Acids and Transamidation Reactions

“…[13] During optimisation of this method it was observed that molecular sieves were not necessary for good conversion, although they were still employed in order to limit any pressure buildup in the sealed reaction vessel. [13] During optimisation of this method it was observed that molecular sieves were not necessary for good conversion, although they were still employed in order to limit any pressure buildup in the sealed reaction vessel.…”

A One-Pot, fast, and efficient amidation of carboxylic acids, α-amino acids and sulfonic acids using pph3/n-chlorobenzotriazole system

“…After finding the optimal reaction conditions, we studied the methodology with an array of commercially available aromatic and aliphatic carboxylic acids with benzylamine (Table 3, entries [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. In comparison, aromatic carboxylic acids with electron deficient substituents were successfully reacted with benzylamine very rapidly than electron-rich aromatic carboxylic acids (e.g.…”

“…7 In this regard, carboxamides and sulfonamides were prepared by the reaction of carboxylic and sulfonic acid derivatives with aromatic and aliphatic amines in the presence of SOCl 2 , 8 POCl 3 , 9 PCl 5 , 10 or SO 2 Cl 2 . 11 Also, amidation of carboxylic and sulfonic acids, have been reported by using cyanuric chloride, 12 ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 4 carbodiimides, 13 uronium salts, 14 triphosgene, 15 PPh 3 /Cl 3 CN, 16 PPh 3 /SO 2 Cl 2 , 17 as acid activators.…”

Smart corrosion sensing phenanthroline modified alkyd coatings

“…Alkyd resin solution (90% solid) was taken in four-necked reaction kettle fitted with thermometer, stirrer and nitrogen gas inlet. Requisite quantity of 1,10-phenanthroline-5-amine was added and the temperature was maintained at 190-200 • C under nitrogen atmosphere [20]. Water condensed during reaction was removed by using Dean-Stark assembly.…”