The therapeutic role of bone marrow stem cell local injection in rat experimental periodontitis

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cell therapy brings hope for regenerating damaged periodontal tissues. The present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic role of local bone marrow stem cell (BMSC) injection in ligation-induced periodontitis and the underlying mechanisms. Alveolar bone lesion was induced by placing ligatures subgingivally around the bilateral maxillary second molars for 28 days. The alveolar bone lesion was confirmed by micro-CT analysis and bone histomorphometry. Allogeneic BMSC transplantation was carried out at 28 day after ligation. The survival state of the transplanted BMSC was observed by bioluminescent imaging. The implantation of the BMSC into the gingival tissues and periodontal ligament was confirmed by green fluorescent protein (GFP) immunohistochemical staining. The expression level of pro-inflammatory, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κ B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in periodontal tissues were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining and real-time PCR. Significant reverse of alveolar bone lesion was observed after BMSC transplantation. The expression of TNF-α and IL-1β was down-regulated by BMSC transplantation. The number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive osteoclasts in the periodontal ligament was reduced, and the increased RANKL expression and decreased OPG expression were also reversed after BMSC transplantation. It is concluded that allogeneic BMSC local injection could inhibit the inflammation of the periodontitis tissue and promote periodontal tissue regeneration.

N‑acetyl cysteine inhibits the lipopolysaccharide‑induced inflammatory response in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by suppressing the TXNIP/NLRP3/IL‑1β signaling pathway

“…It has been confirmed that the majority of osteoblasts colonizing the implant surface are generated from BMSCs, contributing significantly to osseointegration (30,31). Meanwhile, several studies have reported that BMSCs can be effectively used for the treatment of periodontitis (14,32,33). However, the viability and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs can be downregulated in an inflammatory environment, which directly results in treatment failure (34).…”

Advanced technologies in periodontal tissue regeneration based on stem cells: Current status and future perspectives

“… 10 The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell injection in a rat model exerts immunomodulatory effects at the defect sites and contributed to the periodontal repair. 11 But the drawbacks lie in the cell loss, poor engraftment, inadequate localization, spreading into surrounding tissues 12 and loss of cell fate control. 13 …”

Is maxillary diastema an appropriate site for implantation in rats?

“…Peri-implantitis is induced with ligature of silk suture at cervical part of implant that will lead to local inflammation and alveolar bone loss to mimic the clinical peri-implantitis. This procedure is modified from procedure to induce periodontitis [16,17].…”

“…Upon the reported 50.5% periimplant osseointegration in normal control implants [15], we arrived at our hypothesis that implantation at maxillary diastema in rats could provide a high level osseointegration that consequently may allow to have a ligature induced peri-implantitis. Ligature induction is a commonly used method in induction of periodontitis in murine models [16,17]. Ligature induced peri-implantitis will be more comparable than that of the pre-coating method reported by Freire and coworkers [15] due to the former is to induce inflammation after osseointegration of implant, but the latter is using a bacterial contaminated to induce inflammation at the time of implantation that will not be the case in regular clinical practice though as an experimental model, it still has its value to provide information of inflammation around an implant.…”