The therapeutic relevance of the Kallikrein-Kinin axis in SARS-cov-2-induced vascular pathology

Sohaei, Dorsa; Hollenberg, Morley D.; Janket, Sok-Ja; Diamandis, Eleftherios P.; Poda, Gennady; Prassas, Ioannis

doi:10.1080/10408363.2022.2102578

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…To understand the role of co-morbidities in the regulation of the RAS, it is worth remembering that ACE2 is shed from the membrane surface and released into the blood stream following tissue damage [ 35 , 84 ]. It could be hypothesized that since SARS-CoV-2 uses ACE2 as a cellular entrance gate, the catalytic activity, at the tissue level, of this enzyme might be altered [ 85 ]. This could prevent the massive release of ACE2 into the blood stream, which is, instead, observed in other pathological conditions characterized by tissue damage [ 85 ], such as CVD, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and chronic kidney disease, for which circulating ACE2 serves as a prognostic marker [ 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 ].…”

Section: Discussion and Concluding Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It could be hypothesized that in order to counterbalance coronavirus’s negative effects on the RAS, the kallikrein–kinin system (KKS) could be activated [ 85 , 96 ]. KKS is a system responsible for the production of bradykinin [ 85 , 97 ], a pro-inflammatory molecule and potent vasodilator [ 98 ], which has been found to be increased in COVID-19 patients [ 85 , 99 ]. Unfortunately, only a few studies have investigated the role of KKS and RAS during COVID-19, and further investigations should be performed.…”

Section: Discussion and Concluding Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Renin–Angiotensin System (RAS) in COVID-19 Disease: Where We Are 3 Years after the Beginning of the Pandemic

Prato,

Tiberti,

Mazzi

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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The RAS is a hormonal system playing a pivotal role in the control of blood pressure and electrolyte homeostasis, the alteration of which is associated with different pathologies, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). As such, it is not surprising that a number of studies have attempted to elucidate the role and balance of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) in COVID-19. In this review article, we will describe the evidence collected regarding the two main enzymes of the RAS (i.e., ACE and ACE2) and their principal molecular products (i.e., AngII and Ang1-7) in SARS-CoV-2 infection, with the overarching goal of drawing conclusions on their possible role as clinical markers in association with disease severity, progression, and outcome. Moreover, we will bring into the picture new experimental data regarding the systemic activity of ACE and ACE2 as well as the concentration of AngII and Ang1-7 in a cohort of 47 COVID-19 patients hospitalized at the IRCCS Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria Hospital (Negrar, Italy) between March and April 2020. Finally, we will discuss the possibility of considering this systemic pathway as a clinical marker for COVID-19.

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Section: Discussion and Concluding Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussion and Concluding Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Renin–Angiotensin System (RAS) in COVID-19 Disease: Where We Are 3 Years after the Beginning of the Pandemic

Prato,

Tiberti,

Mazzi

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Salivary lysozyme, mg/L (median, interquartile range) 36.9 (13.1-75. NO production which generates 80% of total NO is intricately controlled through the reninangiotensin-aldosterone system, 41 kallikreinkinin pathway, 42 or neuronal mechanisms. 43 In another study, the summary score that combined all the nitrate-reducing microbes was associated with lower blood pressure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral hygiene, mouthwash usage and cardiovascular mortality during 18.8 years of follow-up

Janket¹,

Lee

Surakka

et al. 2023

Br Dent J

Self Cite

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Aim(s) We tested the following hypotheses: would better oral hygiene self-care (OHS) influence cardiovascular (CVD) mortality? Will using mouthwash in addition to OHS affect CVD mortality? How does mouthwash usage impact the oral microbes? Design and methods Among 354 dentate subjects from the Kuopio Oral Health and Heart study, the association of OHS with CVD mortality was assessed using Cox regression analyses, adjusting for age, sex, smoking, dyslipidemia, diabetes, hypertension and education. Additionally, whether using mouthwash would affect this relationship was evaluated. Results In the multivariable-adjusted models, OHS was associated with a 51% reduction in the risk of CVD mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 0.49 [0.28-0.85]; p = 0.01). Even those who had coronary artery disease at baseline showed a marginally significant benefit (0.50 [0.24-1.06]; p = 0.07). However, mouthwash usage did not change OHS effects (HR = 0.49 [0.27-0.87]; p = 0.01), indicating no additional benefits nor detriments. All tested microbes trended to decrease with mouthwash usage in the short term, but none were statistically significant. Conclusion Good OHS significantly lowered the risk of CVD mortality relative to poor OHS. Mouthwash usage did not show any long-term harm or benefit on CVD mortality beyond the benefits rendered by brushing and flossing.

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Oral Infections, SARS-CoV-2 Infection, and Autoimmunity

Janket,

Tamimi,

Meurman

2024

Infection and Autoimmunity

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The therapeutic relevance of the Kallikrein-Kinin axis in SARS-cov-2-induced vascular pathology

Cited by 4 publications

References 111 publications

The Renin–Angiotensin System (RAS) in COVID-19 Disease: Where We Are 3 Years after the Beginning of the Pandemic

The Renin–Angiotensin System (RAS) in COVID-19 Disease: Where We Are 3 Years after the Beginning of the Pandemic

Oral hygiene, mouthwash usage and cardiovascular mortality during 18.8 years of follow-up

Oral Infections, SARS-CoV-2 Infection, and Autoimmunity

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