The therapeutic potential of truffle fungi: a patent survey

Gajos, Małgorzata; Ryszka, Florian; Geistlinger, Joerg

doi:10.5586/am.2014.022

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…N-hexane extract showed the highest effect, followed by ethyl acetate and aqueous/methanol extracts ( Figure 5). Many studies mentioned the immunomodulatory effect of truffle species (41,42), and this confirm our results. This effect may be explained by the presence of different phytochemicals in truffle extracts.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Terfezia boudieri: A Desert Truffle With Anticancer and Immunomodulatory Activities

Obaydi

Hamed²,

Kury

et al. 2020

Front. Nutr.

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Desert truffles have high nutritional value and grow wild in the Mediterranean basin and Western Asia. Although, many studies were performed to evaluate truffles nutritious values and phytochemical composition, studies are limited to evaluate their anticancer and/ or immunomodulatory effects. Our study was conducted to evaluate the anticancer and immunomodulatory effects of Terfezia boudieri (desert truffle). Different solvent extracts were prepared from the truffle and MTT assay was used to measure their anticancer activity against cancer cell lines (T47D, MCF-7, MDA-MB231, HCT-116, and Hela). Total phenolic content in each extract was determined by using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and qualitative phytochemical screening was performed using standard methods. The degree of apoptosis induction (using caspase 3 assay) and vascular endothelial growth factor expression were detected using standard kits. Also, ELISA was used to measure levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 secreted by splenocytes after treatment with the extracts. The effect of the extracts on splenocytes proliferation was measured using MTT assay. Macrophage function was evaluated using nitro blue tetrazolium assay and pinocytosis function was evaluated using neutral red method. Terpenoids, phytosterols, and carbohydrates were present in all the solvent extracts, while tannins, alkaloids and flavonoids were detected only in aqueous/methanol and aqueous extracts. The highest total phenolic content was observed in aqueous and aqueous methanol extracts. The growth of cancer cell lines was inhibited by T. boudieri extracts in a dose dependent manner. N-hexane extract was the most potent against most cell lines. Aqueous/methanol extract showed high apoptosis induction and angiogenesis suppression effects. An increase in TH1 cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2) level and a decrease in TH2 cytokine (IL-4) level were evident after lymphocytes stimulation by aqueous/methanol, n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of T. boudieri. Ethyl acetate extract of T. boudieri were the most potent extracts to stimulate lymphocytes proliferation while all other extracts showed moderate stimulation. Aqueous/methanol extract was the most active extract to stimulate phagocytosis. Ethyl acetate extract was the most active extract to stimulate pinocytosis. The use of T. boudieri provides variable health benefits. N-hexane, ethyl acetate, and aqueous/methanol extracts exhibited anticancer activities and are potent stimulators of innate and acquired immunity. Further testing is needed to identify the biologically active compounds and detect them quantitatively using GC-MS analysis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Terfezia boudieri: A Desert Truffle With Anticancer and Immunomodulatory Activities

Obaydi

Hamed²,

Kury

et al. 2020

Front. Nutr.

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“…Terfezia sp.and Tirmania sp. showed anticancer activity, immune-modulating activity, antiviral activity, hepatoprotective activity, and antidepressant activity [53,54]. Finally, desert truffles are important as a simultaneous food and drug, especially in the treatment of eye infections without side-effects [8].…”

Section: Medicinal Usesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioecology and Uses of Desert Truffles (Pezizales) in the Middle East

Owaid

2017

Walailak J Sci & Tech

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Desert truffles grow naturally after rainfall during the season of Al-Wasm in arid and semi-arid districts of Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, United Arab Emirates, Syria, Jordan, Palestine, Lebanon, Egypt, Iran, Turkey, Tunisia, Algeria, Libya, and Morocco. Al-Wasm provides rainfall of more than 200 ml in September to October in the Arabian Peninsula, and is important for the early growth and appearance of desert truffles. The amount of truffles increases depending on the amount of rainfall, as in other countries. Two genera of desert truffles, Terfezia sp. and Tirmania sp., are the most abundant in the Middle East. Desert truffles have nutritional value due to their proteins, carbohydrates, fats, fibers, and low energy. Also, they have immune-modulating, hepatoprotective, antidepressant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant, and antiradical properties due to their content of phenol, carotenoid, anthocyanin, ascorbic acid, flavonoid, tannin, glycoside, ergosterol, etc. Hence, the introduction of desert truffles in the pharmacological field is important, especially in the treating of eye infections and cancer. Finally, the habitats of the truffles and the host-plants need protection as nature reserves.

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“…Over a century later, Schnaider [ 64 ] depicted the use of truffles by the Huculs (an ethnic group living in the southern part of Ukraine and in the north of Romania), who used truffles to mitigate heart problems. Contemporary data confirmed the medicinal properties of truffles in this context [ 65 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

“… 2013 Hilszczańska et al [ 40 ] + + 7. 2014 Gajos et al [ 65 ] + 8. 2014 Hilszczańska et al [ 100 ] + + 9.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Truffle renaissance in Poland – history, present and prospects

Rosa-Gruszecka

Hilszczańska

Gil

et al. 2017

J Ethnobiology Ethnomedicine

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The use of truffles in Poland has a long tradition, yet due to some historical aspects, this knowledge was lost. Currently, truffles and truffle orchards are again receiving attention, and thanks to, e.g., historical data, they have solid foundations to be established. Publications relating to truffles between 1661 and 2017 were searched for in international and national databases, such as the database of PhD theses, Google Scholar, and catalogues of the National Library of Poland, the Jagiellonian Digital Library, the University Library of J. Giedroyc in Bialystok and the Lower Silesian Digital Library (DBC). A very meticulous survey of the literature on truffles showed that truffles have been known since at least 1661. In the 18th century, the fungi were considered a non-timber forest product. It is interesting to mention the impact of Polish Count Michał Jan Borch in understanding the nature of truffles. The whitish truffle (Tuber borchii) is named after him. The greatest number of publications regarding truffles can be observed at the first half of the 19th and 20th centuries. The fungi were present not only in cookbooks but also in scientific literature, and aspects of their ecology and medicinal use are considered. The “dark ages” for truffles, mainly for social reasons, occurred after the Second World War. In tough times, when Poland was under Soviet communist control (1945–1989), truffles as a luxurious product have been completely forgotten. However, at the end of the 20th century, truffles started receiving attention in Polish society. Yet, the real awakening began in the first decade of the twenty-first century when the first truffle orchards were established. One of them has already produced the first fruit bodies of summer truffle (Tuber aestivum). Truffles have been present in Polish culture for centuries. Their renaissance indicates the need for fostering sustainable agroforestry-centred initiatives aimed at helping truffle growers in growing the precious fungi and thus meeting market demands.

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The therapeutic potential of truffle fungi: a patent survey

Cited by 8 publications

References 26 publications

Terfezia boudieri: A Desert Truffle With Anticancer and Immunomodulatory Activities

Terfezia boudieri: A Desert Truffle With Anticancer and Immunomodulatory Activities

Bioecology and Uses of Desert Truffles (Pezizales) in the Middle East

Truffle renaissance in Poland – history, present and prospects

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