“…In summary, the theoretical care work literature requires refinement to accommodate private companion’s place in the care of older adults, particularly within publicly funded institutional care; as well there are few empirical studies that directly examine private companions working in LTCF or that identify the complex interplay of relations between facility staff and management, family, residents, companions, volunteers and students. Ironically, a literature review of private companions yields more studies focused on animal companions (see Dono, 2005 ; Katsinas, 2000 ; Le Roux and Kemp, 2009 ; Prosser et al., 2008 ; Reynolds, 2006 ) or robot companions (see Robinson et al., 2013 ; Sharkey and Sharkey, 2012 ) than people.…”