The Therapeutic Potential of Chemo/Thermotherapy with Magnetoliposomes for Cancer Treatment

Abstract

Cancer represents a very grave and quickly growing public health problem worldwide. Despite the breakthroughs in treatment and early detection of the disease, an increase is projected in the incidence rate and mortality during the next 30 years. Thus, it is important to develop new treatment strategies and diagnostic tools. One alternative is magnetic hyperthermia, a therapeutic approach that has shown promising results, both as monotherapy and in combination with chemo- and radiotherapy. However, there are still certain limitations and questions with respect to the safety of the systemic administration of magnetic nanoparticles. To deal with these issues, magnetoliposomes were conceived as a new generation of liposomes that incorporate superparamagnetic nanoparticles and oncological pharmaceuticals within their structure. They have the advantage of targeted and selective drug delivery to the diseased organs and tissues. Some of them can avoid the immune response of the host. When exposed to a magnetic field of alternating current, magnetoliposomes produce hyperthermia, which acts synergistically with the released drug. The aim of the present review is to describe the most recent advances in the use of magnetoliposomes and point out what research remains to be done for their application to chemo-thermal therapy in cancer patients.

Quercetin‐encapsulated magnetoliposomes: Fabrication, optimization, characterization, and antioxidant studies

“…IONPs is reported to be up to 300-600 mg kg −1 body weight, and for coated (such as dextran) IONPs, LD 50 is 2000-6000 mg kg −1 body weight. [35] Magnetoliposomes (MLs) are the first developed effective hybrid LP/nanoparticles that are composed of LPs entrapping (within bilayer or aqueous core) or surface-bound IONPs [32,36] and have the ability to carry various bioactive molecules for therapeutic applications in humans and animal models. This system makes them a multifunctional carrier system with the ability of magnetic targeting.…”

“…[ 34 ] The lethal dose (LD 50 ) of uncoated IONPs is reported to be up to 300–600 mg kg −1 body weight, and for coated (such as dextran) IONPs, LD 50 is 2000–6000 mg kg −1 body weight. [ 35 ]…”

“…Cells are more thermolabile at the S‐ or M‐cell cycle phase, which under nutrient deficiency might lead to protein denaturation, a decrease in tumor blood flow, and destruction of membrane integrity. [ 35 ] Thus, hyperthermia can act synergistically with chemotherapy on tumor cells or cancer therapy.…”

Myocardial Cell Preservation from Potential Cardiotoxic Drugs: The Role of Nanotechnologies

“…Nanoproducts can potentially offer high stability, specific targeting, accuracy of action, maintained efficacy, and improved safety of drugs. The controlled release of the carried medication is a further opportunity to limit potential side effects [ 162 , 163 , 164 ].…”

Multi-modal nanoprobe-enabled biosensing platforms: a critical review

“…Ferrite particle magnetic nanomaterials represented by Fe 3 O 4 are characterized by small particle size, superparamagnetic properties and easy surface modification. 58–61 This property can catalyze the oxidation of chromogenic substrate enzymes to colored oxidation state substrates and produce colorimetric signals. In addition, Fe 3 O 4 has peroxide-like activity and is considered to be an excellent substitute for natural enzymes.…”