The therapeutic potential of amifostine on cyclophosphamide-induced testicular dysfunction in rats: An experimental study

Abstract

Background: Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a well-known alkylating anticancer agent used in the treatment of various malignant and non-malignant tumors. CP may also cause a variety of adverse effects, including reproductive toxicity. Amifostine is known as a cytoprotective drug having antioxidant properties.
 Objective: To evaluate the possible beneficial effects of amifostine on testicular toxicity induced by CP in rats.
 Materials and Methods: A total of 35 Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this experimental study. The CP group animals received a single dose of 200 mg/kg CP on Day 8 by intraperitoneal injection and were left untreated for the following seven days. The two remaining groups of animals were treated with 200 mg/kg/day amifostine (AMF 200) and 400 mg/kg/day amifostine (AMF 400) for seven days prior to and following a single intraperitoneal injection of CP. Morphometrical analysis and histological examination of testicular tissue were performed. Serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone levels were measured in serum using commercial ELISA kits. The epidydimal sperm count was determined.
 Results: The tubular epithelial height in the testis was significantly higher in the AMF400 group compared to other groups (p < 0.001). Animals in the AMF400 group showed minimal debris in the tubules, no Sertoli cell damage, and the Johnsen scores were slightly higher in the AMF400 group. The epididymal sperm count was significantly lower in the CP-administered animals compared to the control animals and was significantly higher in the AMF200 and AMF400 groups compared to the CP group (p = 0.006, and p = 0.019 respectively).
 Conclusion: Amifostine, at a dose of 400 mg/kg, may have a protective effect on testicular damage induced by CP in rats.

Frankincense extract protects against testicular damage through augmentation of antioxidant defense mechanisms and modulation of apoptotic genes expression

“…The effect of B. sacra and CP on the weight of the animals, testis weight, and relative weight of testis to body weight were not significantly different. This observation is similar to earlier studies where a single dose of CP did not significantly affect the body weight or weight of the testes significantly 24 .…”

Morin-5′-Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt (NaMSA) Attenuates Cyclophosphamide-Induced Histological Changes in Genitourinary Tract in Rats—Short Report

“…CPX-induced changes in urogenital tract in animals are well described in various experimental models of CPX toxicity. The model of single intraperitoneal injection of CPX in a dose of 200 mg/kg is often used with the studied compound administered before or after the CPX injection to induce acute hemorrhagic cystitis or testicular toxicity [10,23,24], but other regimens of CPX administration are also applied, e.g., daily intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg CPX dose for 3 days [25]. We chose 10 days intragastric administration of CPX in a low daily dose of 15 mg/kg with concomitant administration of NaMSA (100 mg/kg) as the potentially protective agent.…”

Counteractive effects of extracts of Mangifera indica on testes of Wistar Rat exposed to cyclophosphamide

“…This suggested that cyclophosphamide caused a down-regulation of the hormones. And it is supported by Kaya et al research, which detailed how cyclophosphamide suppresses the immune system and lowers testosterone levels in the male reproductive system [ 31 ]. Comparing the group treated with 50 mg/kg of Mangifera indica leaf extracts to the group treated with 50 mg/kg of Mangifera indica leaf extracts, a slight counter effect of Mangifera indica leaf extracts was seen.…”