The theory of the magnetic properties of rare earth salts: cerium ethyl sulphate

Elliott, R. J.; Stevens, K W H

doi:10.1098/rspa.1952.0223

Cited by 122 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…If the Nd 3+ ion is embedded in a ligand field, g J does not correspond exactly to g L = 0.72727 anymore, and it might not even be a scalar. [25][26][27] Therefore we consider g J to be a matrix in Eq. ͑6͒, although the diagonal elements are expected to be very close to g L ͑see Table II͒.…”

Section: Analysis Of the Ground Multipletmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the ground multiplet of Kramers rare earth ions in solid matrices by multifrequency electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy: Nd3+ in PbWO4 single-crystals

Popescu

Bercu

Barascu

et al. 2009

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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A multifrequency electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) investigation of Nd(3+) impurities in PbWO(4) single-crystals at the conventional microwave frequency (MF) 9.43 GHz, and at the 95, 190, and 285 GHz high frequencies was carried out. The resulting spectra are well described at all frequencies by an axial spin-Hamiltonian corresponding to an effective electron spin of one-half and to a tetragonal symmetry. For the magnetic field along the tetragonal axis, the g(parallel)-factor and the hyperfine constant A(parallel) of the lowest doublet of the ground multiplet decreases with frequency increase. For the magnetic field perpendicular to the tetragonal axis, the g(perpendicular)-factor exhibits a small azimuthal angular dependence that increases with increasing the frequency due to the S(4) site symmetry. The azimuthal angular dependence allows to clearly distinguish between different local axial symmetries. These properties are interpreted as high field/frequency (HF) effects associated with the mixing by the large Zeeman interaction of some of the upper-lying doublets of the ground multiplet into the lowest-lying doublet states. We show that from the combined analysis of the multifrequency MF- and HF-EPR spectra and of the optical data, an accurate description of the ground multiplet of the Kramers rare earth ions in solid matrices can be derived.

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Section: Analysis Of the Ground Multipletmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the ground multiplet of Kramers rare earth ions in solid matrices by multifrequency electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy: Nd3+ in PbWO4 single-crystals

Popescu

Bercu

Barascu

et al. 2009

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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“…Such a SH has been described as being maximally reduced [4] and there has been an inclination by some authors, ourselves included, to regard the maximally reduced SH (MRSH) as being something of a 'gold standard' without, perhaps, giving sufficient regard to the meanings of the parameters therein, or to their relations with those of earlier SHs. The earlier expressions are of two principal forms, the Cartesian tensor form as exemplified by a SH commonly used to frame the well-known second rank 'tensor' quantities g, A, D, P and g n and, the Stevens' operator forms [5,6] used traditionally in expressions describing zero-field splitting (ZFS) terms when J 2 (J = S, I ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher-order Zeeman and spin terms in the electron paramagnetic resonance spin Hamiltonian; their description in irreducible form using Cartesian, tesseral spherical tensor and Stevens’ operator expressions

McGavin¹,

Tennant²

2009

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

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In setting up a spin Hamiltonian (SH) to study high-spin Zeeman and high-spin nuclear and/or electronic interactions in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) experiments, it is argued that a maximally reduced SH (MRSH) framed in tesseral combinations of spherical tensor operators is necessary. Then, the SH contains only those terms that are necessary and sufficient to describe the particular spin system. The paper proceeds then to obtain interrelationships between the parameters of the MRSH and those of alternative SHs expressed in Cartesian tensor and Stevens operator-equivalent forms. The examples taken, initially, are those of Cartesian and Stevens' expressions for high-spin Zeeman terms of dimension BS(3) and BS(5). Starting from the well-known decomposition of the general Cartesian tensor of second rank to three irreducible tensors of ranks 0, 1 and 2, the decomposition of Cartesian tensors of ranks 4 and 6 are treated similarly. Next, following a generalization of the tesseral spherical tensor equations, the interrelationships amongst the parameters of the three kinds of expressions, as derived from equivalent SHs, are determined and detailed tables, including all redundancy equations, set out. In each of these cases the lowest symmetry, [Formula: see text] Laue class, is assumed and then examples of relationships for specific higher symmetries derived therefrom. The validity of a spin Hamiltonian containing mixtures of terms from the three expressions is considered in some detail for several specific symmetries, including again the lowest symmetry. Finally, we address the application of some of the relationships derived here to seldom-observed low-symmetry effects in EPR spectra, when high-spin electronic and nuclear interactions are present.

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Electronic Structure and Magnetic Properties of Lanthanide Molecular Complexes

Sorace

Gatteschi

2015

Lanthanides and Actinides in Molecular Magnetism

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The theory of the magnetic properties of rare earth salts: cerium ethyl sulphate

Cited by 122 publications

References 22 publications

Study of the ground multiplet of Kramers rare earth ions in solid matrices by multifrequency electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy: Nd3+ in PbWO4 single-crystals

Study of the ground multiplet of Kramers rare earth ions in solid matrices by multifrequency electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy: Nd3+ in PbWO4 single-crystals

Higher-order Zeeman and spin terms in the electron paramagnetic resonance spin Hamiltonian; their description in irreducible form using Cartesian, tesseral spherical tensor and Stevens’ operator expressions

Electronic Structure and Magnetic Properties of Lanthanide Molecular Complexes

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