The theory of a vibrating-rod densimeter

Retsina, T.; Richardson, S. M.; Wakeham, W. A.

doi:10.1007/bf00386040

Cited by 102 publications

(120 citation statements)

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“…The theory that describes the motion of a wire within a fluid has been reviewed by Retsina et al [7,8], Padua et al [9], and Kandil et al [10]. In this work, the viscosity was measured using the experimental arrangement where both ends of the wire were clamped in a steady state vibrating-wire viscometer which has been described, in detail, previously [11,12].…”

Section: Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 98%

Viscosity measurements of ortho -xylene, meta -xylene, para -xylene and ethylbenzene

Meng

et al. 2016

The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics

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Section: Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 98%

Viscosity measurements of ortho -xylene, meta -xylene, para -xylene and ethylbenzene

Meng

et al. 2016

The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics

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“…One particular characteristic of the magnetic circuit assembly is that it can be replaced without changing the tension of the wire, which may be useful if magnets with a higher Curie temperature must be placed in order to enable work at higher temperatures. The distance of the magnets and the spacers to the tungsten wire was set at a minimum of 60 times the wire radius, R s , which is deemed to introduce an error less than 0.2% due to the finite distance from the cell walls [44,[47][48][49][50].…”

Section: New Vibrating Wire Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

Tris(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate (TOTM) a potential reference fluid for high viscosity. Part I: Viscosity measurements at temperatures from (303 to 373) K and pressures up to 65 MPa, using a novel vibrating-wire instrument

Diogo

Avelino

Caetano

et al. 2014

Fluid Phase Equilibria

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A B S T R A C TThe article reports viscosity measurements of compressed liquid tris(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate or 1,2,4-Benzenetricarboxylic acid, tris(2-ethylhexyl) ester (TOTM) which is an important plasticizer in the polymer industry and has wide applications as a lubricant. Nevertheless, the main motivation for the present work is to propose TOTM as a plausible candidate for an industrial viscosity reference fluid for high viscosity, high pressure and high temperature. This kind of reference fluid is presently on demand by oil industries and the International Association for Transport Properties is developing efforts aiming to select appropriate candidates and to establish the corresponding reference data.The viscosity measurements were performed with a novel vibrating wire sensor. The new instrument was designed for operation at high pressures (up to 100 MPa) and temperatures up to 373 K. The present measurements were obtained using the vibrating wire sensor in the forced oscillation or steady-state mode of operation. The viscosity measurements were carried out up to 65 MPa and at six temperatures from (303 to 373) K.The viscosity results were correlated with density, using a modified hard-spheres scheme. The root mean square deviation of the data from the correlation is 0.53% and the maximum absolute relative deviation was less than 1.7%. The expanded uncertainty of the present viscosity results, at a 95% confidence level, is estimated to be less than AE2% for viscosities up to 68 mPa s, less than AE2.6% for viscosities between (69 and 268) mPa s and less than AE3% for higher viscosities.The TOTM density data necessary to compute the viscosity results were measured using a vibrating Utube densimeter, model DMA HP and are described in part II of the present work.No literature data above atmospheric pressure could be found for the viscosity of TOTM. As a consequence, the present viscosity results could only be compared upon extrapolation of the vibrating wire data to 0.1 MPa. Independent viscosity measurements were performed, at atmospheric pressure, using an Ubbelohde capillary in order to compare with the vibrating wire results, extrapolated by means of the above mentioned correlation. The two data sets agree within AE1%, which is commensurate with the mutual uncertainty of the experimental methods. Comparisons of the literature data obtained at atmospheric pressure with the present extrapolated vibrating-wire viscosity measurements have shown an agreement within AE2% for temperatures up to 339 K and within AE3.3% for temperatures up to 368 K.

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“…The theoretical model for the vibrating-wire viscometer developed by Retsina et al [7,8] is based on the characteristics of the oscillation of a solid body surrounded by a fluid. The theoretical model for the forced mode of operation has been published by Pádua et al [9], and, for the free decay mode of operation, the model equations are essentially analogous to the ones previously described by Oliveira [10] and Assael et al [11].…”

Section: Theoretical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the forced mode, the wire's velocity resonant frequency, w r , is the solution of the equation [7,9]:…”

Section: Theoretical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Viscosity Measurements of Liquid Toluene at Low Temperatures Using a Dual Vibrating-Wire Technique

Caetano

Mata

Fareleira³

et al. 2004

International Journal of Thermophysics

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A recently developed dual vibrating-wire technique has been used to perform viscosity measurements of liquid toluene in the temperature range 213 K [ T [ 298 K, and at pressures up to approximately 20 MPa. The results were obtained by operating the vibrating-wire sensor in both forced and free decay modes. The estimated precision of the viscosity measurements, in either mode of operation, is ± 0.5%, for temperatures above or equal to 273 K, increasing with decreasing temperature up to ± 1% at 213 K. The corresponding overall uncertainty is estimated to be within ± 1% and ± 1.5%, respectively.

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The theory of a vibrating-rod densimeter

Cited by 102 publications

References 9 publications

Viscosity measurements of ortho -xylene, meta -xylene, para -xylene and ethylbenzene

Viscosity measurements of ortho -xylene, meta -xylene, para -xylene and ethylbenzene

Tris(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate (TOTM) a potential reference fluid for high viscosity. Part I: Viscosity measurements at temperatures from (303 to 373) K and pressures up to 65 MPa, using a novel vibrating-wire instrument

Viscosity Measurements of Liquid Toluene at Low Temperatures Using a Dual Vibrating-Wire Technique

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