1981
DOI: 10.2307/2553707
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The Theory and Practice of Econometrics.

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“…Visualization in the descriptive analysis is used to describe whether there is a grouping of reading literacy scores in the regions to see indications of spatial dependence. If descriptively, there is a spatial correlation, then inference analysis can be continued with a spatial regression model (LeSage, 1999). The inferential analysis is used to analyze the spatial effect of reading literacy scores in Indonesia and estimate the spatial model to identify factors that influence reading literacy scores using the Spatial Regression Model.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Visualization in the descriptive analysis is used to describe whether there is a grouping of reading literacy scores in the regions to see indications of spatial dependence. If descriptively, there is a spatial correlation, then inference analysis can be continued with a spatial regression model (LeSage, 1999). The inferential analysis is used to analyze the spatial effect of reading literacy scores in Indonesia and estimate the spatial model to identify factors that influence reading literacy scores using the Spatial Regression Model.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Subsequently, Blundell and Bond (1998) developed the S‐GMM estimator, which is more appropriate for solving endogeneity problems. The S‐GMM has three advantages (Davidson, 2000): (i) Firstly , it provides unbiased, convergent and efficient estimators in the presence of lagged variables; (ii) secondly, it takes into account unobservable geographical factors, such as climate and openness to the sea, which can influence alcohol consumption; (iii ) finally, it corrects for simultaneity bias between the variables of interest and control. The absence of autocorrelation in the residuals ensures that unbiased estimators are obtained.…”
Section: Methodological Strategymentioning
confidence: 99%