The The favorable alleles of AKIRIN2:c.*188G>A, EDG1:c.-312A>G and TTN:g.231054C>T as candidate markers for high-marbling are very low in Bali cattle

Abstract

Abstract. Anwar S, Wulandari AS, Putra WPB, Said S. 2019. The favorable alleles of AKIRIN2:c.*188G>A, EDG1:c.-312A>G and TTN:g.231054C>T as candidate markers for high-marbling are very low in Bali cattle. Biodiversitas 20: 965-970. Marbling is one of primary factors influencing the palatability of beef. The AKIRIN2, EDG1 and TTN genes are considered as the three candidate genes responsible for high-marbling in beef cattle. This study aimed to investigate the genetic polymorphism of the SNPs of AKIRIN2:c.*188G>A, EDG1:c.-312A>G and TTN g.231054C>T in Bali cattle. A total of 125 DNA samples of Bali cattle were genotyped for AKIRIN2 and TTN gene and 82 DNA samples for EDG1 gene using PCR-RFLP method. In the present study, it was found that the A allele of AKIRIN2:c.*188G>A, the G allele of EDG1:c.-312A>G and the T allele of TTN g.231054C>T that considered as the favorable alleles were found to be very low in Bali cattle (0.004, 0.000, and 0.004, respectively). This results indicated that the polymorphism of AKIRIN2:c.*188G>A, EDG1:c.-312A>G and TTN g.231054C>T were very low and can be considered as monomorphic in Bali cattle. These findings suggested that Bali cattle may not genetically potential as a high-marbling cattle breed. However, the other specific genes for high-marbling still needs to be investigated in Bali cattle.

The genetic polymorphism of c.-1221A>C and discovery of novel SNPs in the promoter region of Mitochondrial Transcription Factor A (TFAM) gene in Bali Cattle

“…The consistent presence of the A allele in Bali cattle indicates that the breed does not have a genetic propensity for high marbling scores. This finding is consistent with previous studies and reinforces the hypothesis proposed by [22] regarding the genetic predisposition of Bali cattle for high marbling scores. The absence of favourable alleles for high marbling scores in the identified candidate genes (TG5, AKIRIN2 and EDG1) supports the notion that Bali cattle did not have favourable alleles as high marbling cattle [22,27].…”

“…This finding is consistent with previous studies and reinforces the hypothesis proposed by [22] regarding the genetic predisposition of Bali cattle for high marbling scores. The absence of favourable alleles for high marbling scores in the identified candidate genes (TG5, AKIRIN2 and EDG1) supports the notion that Bali cattle did not have favourable alleles as high marbling cattle [22,27]. In the TG5 gene, studies on Wagyu cattle by [28] showed a higher frequency of the TT genotype associated with high marbling scores, while in Bali cattle, only the CC genotype was observed [27].…”

“…While Bali cattle are known to have the advantage of lower fat content compared to other local and exotic cattle [5], they tend to have lower marbling scores [21]. Identification of additional candidate genes, including the TFAM gene, is necessary to improve the quality of Bali beef, especially to achieve higher marbling scores [22]. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the diversity of the TFAM gene, particularly the SNP c.-1221A>C, and to explore other mutations in the promoter region of the TFAM gene as potential alternative genetic markers in the Bali cattle population.…”