The Thai version of the PSS-10: An Investigation of its psychometric properties

Abstract

BackgroundAmong the stress instruments that measure the degree to which life events are perceived as stressful, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) is widely used. The goal of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of a Thai version of the PSS-10 (T-PSS-10) with a clinical and non-clinical sample. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, concurrent validity, and the factorial structure of the scale were tested.MethodsA total sample of 479 adult participants was recruited for the study: 368 medical students and 111 patients from two hospitals in Northern Thailand. The T-PSS-10 was used along with the Thai version of State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Thai Version of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and the Thai Depression Inventory (TDI).ResultsExploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) yielded 2 factors with eigenvalues of 5.05 and 1.60, accounting for 66 percent of variance. Factor 1 consisted of 6 items representing "stress"; whereas Factor 2 consisted of 4 items representing "control". The item loadings ranged from 0.547 to 0.881. Investigation of the fit indices associated with Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimation revealed that the two-factor solution was adequate [χ2 = 35.035 (df = 26, N = 368, p < 0.111)]; Goodness-of-Fit Index (GFI) = 0.981; Root Mean Square Residual (RMR) = 0.022; Standardized Root Mean square Residual (SRMR) = 0.037, Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.989; Normed Fit Index (NFI) = 0.96, Non-Normed Fit Index (NNFI) = 0.981, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.031. It was found that the T-PSS-10 had a significant positive correlation with the STAI (r = 0.60, p < 0.0001), and the TDI (r = 0.55, p < 0.0001); and was significantly negatively correlated with the RSES (r = -0.46, p < 0.0001, N = 368). The overall Cronbach's alpha was 0.85. The ICC was 0.82 (95% CI, 0.72 and 0.88) at 4 week-retest reliability.ConclusionsThe Thai version of the PSS-10 demonstrated excellent goodness-of-fit for the two factor solution model, as well as good reliability and validity for estimating the level of stress perception with a Thai population. Limitations of the study are discussed.

Psychometric properties of the French versions of the Perceived Stress Scale

“…Mexican Spanish [5], Japanese [6], Chinese [7], Thai [8], Turkish [9], Arabic [10], Urdu (Pakistan language) [11], Lithuanian [12], Danish, Brazilian, Korean, Russian, Polish, Bulgarian, Hungarian, Italian, Hebrew [13]. Those international studies suggest that the psychometric properties of the scale are satisfactory.…”

Dimensionalidade da escala de estresse percebido (Perceived Stress Scale, PSS-10) em uma amostra de professores

“…Quando os itens da PSS-10 são separados em dois fatores, estes apresentam correlações de 0,51 a 0,69, o que sugere uma moderada covariância entre ambas as dimensões (Reis et al, 2010;Roberti et al, 2010;Wongpakaran & Wongpakaran, 2010). O fator retido apresentou adequada consistência interna, e todos os itens da PSS-10 apresentaram cargas fatoriais de adequada magnitude (> 0,37).…”

“…Os resultados da análise de fatores comuns e da análise paralela permitiram identifi car a dimensionalidade da PSS-10, apontando uma solução unifatorial como a mais representativa dos dados. Entretanto, é importante salientar que a dimensionalidade da PSS-10 não é um consenso na literatura (Leung et al, 2010;Reis et al, 2010;Roberti et al, 2010;Wongpakaran & Wongpakaran, 2010).…”

“…Alguns estudos (Campo-Arias, Bustos-Leiton, & Romero--Chaparro, 2009;Cohen & Williamson, 1988;Luft, Sanches, Mazo, & Andrade, 2007;Mitchell, Crane, & Kim, 2008) encontraram, a partir de técnicas exploratórias e confi rmatórias, uma estrutura unifatorial para a escala, conforme postula a base teórica do instrumento (Cohen & Williamsom, 1988), enquanto outros encontraram uma estrutura bifatorial (Leung, Lam, & Chan, 2010;Roberti, Harrington, & Storch, 2010;Wongpakaran & Wongpakaran, 2010). Nestes casos, os fatores são interpretados como estresse (itens positivos) e coping/controle (itens negativos), apresentando níveis de correlações variando entre r = 0,51 e 0,65.…”

Identification of predictors and moderators of weight-related behaviors in college students.

“…Scores can range from 0 to 40, with higher scores indicating higher levels of perceived stress (Cohen & Williamson, 1988). Internal consistency for the PSS-10 has ranged from .78 to .91, and test-retest reliability ranged from .72 to .88 (Cohen & Williamson, 1988;Mitchell, Crane, & Kim, 2008;Reis, Hino, & Rodriguez-Añez, 2010;Remor, 2006;Wongpakaran & Wongpakaran, 2010). Criterion validity between the PSS-10 and the Medical Outcomes Study short form (MOS-SF36) mental component showed concurrent validity correlations of .70 (Mitchell, Crane, & Kim, 2008).…”