The Tensile Strength of Benzene

Donoghue, John; Vollrath, Ruby; Gerjuoy, E.

doi:10.1063/1.1747989

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Since then, several methods [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] have been developed to generate negative pressures in liquids. The attainable negative pressure can be even of a few hundreds of Mpa [4,23].…”

Section: Experimental Observations Of Negative Pressure In Liquidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamics of Negative Pressures in Liquids

Imre¹,

Martinás²,

Rebelo³

1998

Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics

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Nature uses negative pressures in the most resourceful and efficient ways. Yet, negative pressure states are still sometimes considered inaccessible by part of the scientific community. In this paper we show that any condensed phase can exist in absolute negative pressure regimes, while the same is not true for gas phases. We also demonstrate that such states are not merely possible but have, in spite of their metastability, been observed experimentally on numerous occasions. Moreover, physical properties of several substances and mixtures have already been determined in the stretched liquid phase at absolute negative pressures. Nevertheless, conceiving of and succeeding in an experiment that produces high tension in a liquid are rather difficult. Thus, equations of state and computer simulations are powerful tools for studying metastable liquids. By using a simple equation of state we show: how negative pressure regimes can be attained; the maximum intrinsic tension a liquid can sustain; and below which temperature a liquid can be found in this state. Experimental and theoretical work on liquids at negative pressures is reviewed. Furthermore, the similarities and differences between negative temperature and negative pressure states are demonstrated. Due to water's non-trivial behavior as well as its technological and scientific importance, it has been the most studied substance in metastable phenomena. We will thus devote particular attention to some of the rich features of its metastable phase diagram. Water belongs to a class of substances that presents density anomalies. We also show how the negative pressure region of the phase diagram proves to be paramount in understanding the unusual behavior of this class of substances.

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Section: Experimental Observations Of Negative Pressure In Liquidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamics of Negative Pressures in Liquids

Imre¹,

Martinás²,

Rebelo³

1998

Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics

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“…2 In subsequent investigations many authors [3][4][5][6][7] tried to obtain information on the maximum achievable stretches of liquids based on relations as predicted by CNT. All the attempts to achieve the homogeneous mechanism of nucleation by removing from the system under investigation completed and easily activated boiling centers and using in experiments liquids with increased wettability of solid materials and different methods of creating negative pressures have failed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous cavitation in a Lennard-Jones liquid at negative pressures

Байдаков

Bobrov

2014

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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We report a molecular dynamics (MD) study of homogeneous bubble nucleation in a Lennard-Jones liquid under a negative pressure (cavitation). The rate of bubble nucleation has been determined in the range 2 x 10(-9) < J(*) = Jσ(4)(m/ε)(1/2) < 6 x 10(-6) by the mean lifetime method at temperatures T(*) = kBT/ε = 0.35, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8. In molecular dynamics simulation calculations have also been made of the coefficient of bubble size diffusion, the Zeldovich nonequilibrium factor, and the radius of a critical nucleus R*. Different approaches to the determination of the nucleation rate in a stretched liquid have been considered in the framework of classical nucleation theory (CNT). The values of J obtained in MD simulation are by 8-20 orders higher than those predicted by CNT. The work of formation of a critical bubble and the dependence of surface tension γ(R*) at the critical bubble-liquid interface have been determined by data of MD simulation from CNT. The values of γ obtained have been approximated by an extended Tolman formula that takes into account, besides a linear correction, also the quadratic in curvature terms. The Tolman length δ∞ is negative and equals -(0.1-0.2)σ. The coefficient at 1/R*(2) is positive and does not exceed σ(2).

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“…With the assumption that the intermolecular forces in the liquid are weaker than the forces between the liquid and the glass walls, the tension atwhich the column breaks provides an estimate of the greatest negative pressure attainable: At room temperature these were found to range from -431 bar for Hg to -132 bar for benzene. A maximum value of -159 bar has been observed for benzene (23). A pressure vessel method lias also been described (24y.…”

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confidence: 99%