The tensile rupture of hard plastics

Gruntfest, I. J.

doi:10.1002/pol.1956.120209608

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 4 publications

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“…(8). The free volume per cubic centimeter contributed by the chain ends of homopolymers, 4, is related 35.37 t o c by c = 2pN4/a' (10) where p is the density of the homopolymer, N is Avogadro's number, and a ' is the difference between the expansion coeficients of the liquid and glassy polymers, respectively. This difference for many polymers is close to 4.8 X 10-4cm3/g-deg.…”

Section: (6)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Side‐chain crystallinity. IV. Mechanical properties and transition temperatures of copolymers of methyl methacrylate with higher n‐alkyl acrylates and N‐n‐alkylacrylamides

Jordan

Riser

Artymyshyn

et al. 1972

J. Polym. Sci. A‐2 Polym. Phys.

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SynopsisMechanical properties were correlated with glass transition temperatures for a series of random copolymers of methyl methacrylate with comonomers selected from the higher n-alkyl acrylates and N-n-alkylacrylamides. The plasticizing comonomers were the n-butyl, Zethylhexyl, n-octadecyl, and oleyl acrylates, and the N-n-butyl-, N-noctyl-, N-n-octadecyl-, and N-oleylacrylamides. The complete range of compositions was investigated. However, the bulk of the data was obtained on compositions in the glassy region below the onset of the vitreous transition. In this region it was found that the decrease in tensile and flexural moduli and strengths with increase in internal plasticizer for all of the system was directly proportional to the decrease in T,,. It was concluded that the additive contribution to the free volume made by each side-chaii methylene group was alone responsible for the magnitude of the rate of change of properties. However, polar contributions of the amide group to stiffening the main chain exceeded those of the ester, so that the amides were less efficient plasticizers. An empirical equation was derived which described, with fair accuracy, the decrease in the mechanical parameters with composition for the amorphous copolymers. It was reasonably successful in predicting properties even into the composition range where the ambient testing temperature corresponded to or exceeded the transition temperature. In this transition region an accelerated decrease in the magnitude of the physical properties was observed. All samples exhibited brittle fracture except those tested in the transition region. Here the strain was largely irrecoverable flow. Side-chain crystallinity did not interfere significantly with the mechanical properties because moduli and strengths had already decayed to small values near the compositions where crystallinity commenced. Nonrandom copolymers of vinyl stearate and methyl methacrylate showed no internal plasticization, apparently because of macrophase aggregation.

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Section: (6)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Side‐chain crystallinity. IV. Mechanical properties and transition temperatures of copolymers of methyl methacrylate with higher n‐alkyl acrylates and N‐n‐alkylacrylamides

Jordan

Riser

Artymyshyn

et al. 1972

J. Polym. Sci. A‐2 Polym. Phys.

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Mechanical Behavior of Plastics

Gruntfest¹,

Young²,

Kooch³

1957

Journal of Applied Physics

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The applicability of Nutting's equation of the mechanical behavior of some soft plasticized polyvinyl chloride preparations noted by Dyson in creep experiments is further demonstrated by force-length measurements at constant rate of strain. This suggests new criteria for the characterization of soft plasticized PVC. For example, in a stretching experiment in which the sample is subjected to a strain (L−1) which increases linearly with time (t) at the rate (R), definition of ``modulus'' as the limit at small strains of the ratio of the force (F) to the strain is clearly inappropriate. That is, when L−1=GFmtn,lim lim L−1→0(FL−1)=(L−1)(1−n−m)/mRn/mG−1/m,which may be zero or infinite and also depends on the strain rate. Some even more general force-length-time relationships for plastic are discussed which have been found useful for predicting the conditions of tensile failure. More complicated relationships of particular interest provide for the possibility of force-time superposition of creep curves. Published creep data are considered from this point of view.

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The tensile rupture of hard plastics

Cited by 2 publications

References 4 publications

Side‐chain crystallinity. IV. Mechanical properties and transition temperatures of copolymers of methyl methacrylate with higher n‐alkyl acrylates and N‐n‐alkylacrylamides

Side‐chain crystallinity. IV. Mechanical properties and transition temperatures of copolymers of methyl methacrylate with higher n‐alkyl acrylates and N‐n‐alkylacrylamides

Mechanical Behavior of Plastics

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