The temporal relationship among anti-parasite immune elements expressed during the early phase of infection of the rat with Trichinella spiralis

Stewart, G. W.; Na, Hyung; Smart, Larry; Seelig, Leonard L.

doi:10.1007/s004360050613

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…S. mansoni infection can drive Th2 responses in rats or in mice and it favors protective immunity against reinfection (Cetre et al 1999). Trichinella spiralis infection shows mixed Th1/Th2 response in rats (Stewart et al 1999), Trichuris muris shows Th2-type response in mice involved in protective immunity (Koyama Fig. 5: in vitro production of cytokines, interferon (IFN-γ) and interlukins (IL-2, IL-4, IL-10), from rat mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance to reinfection in rats induced by irradiated metacercariae of Clonorchis sinensis

Quan

Lee

Bae

et al. 2005

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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A study was made to observe the association between the resistance to reinfection induced by irradiated metacercariae (MC) of Clonorchis sinensis and antigen specific Key words: irradiation -metacercariae -reinfection -interferon-γ -interlukin-2 Liver fluke infection caused by Clonorchis sinensis is still an important public health problem in many countries of the West Pacific area. It is estimated that about 30 million people are infected annually with C. sinensis or Opisthorchis viverrini by eating uncooked fresh water fish in Southeastern Asia (Rim et al. 1981, Akai et al. 1994). Studies about effects of irradiation on infective stage of C. sinensis have been reported (Lee et al. 1989, Song et al. 1992, Duan et al. 1993, and reports show that suitable dose of irradiation on isolated metacercariae (MC) or unisolated MC in fish can prevent infections. There are evidences from immunological studies that man and animals produce antibodies and cellular immunity after C. sinensis infections (Choi & Park 1987, Choi et al. 1990, Hagan et al. 1991, Akai et al. 1994, Quan et al. 2000, 2002. To the best of our knowledge no study was carried out on the association between the effects of gamma irradiation and immune responses in clonorchiasis. However, study on Schistosoma mansoni showed that high levels of protection have been achieved in mice against S. mansoni infection using gamma irradiated cercarial vaccines (Dean 1983, Coulson 1997. Also Th1-or Th2-type cytokines were reported to associate with protective immunity against various parasites (Stevenson & Tam 1993, Cetre et al. 1999 Koyama et al. 1999). In the present study, C. sinensis MC were first treated with different dose of gamma irradiation to select the suitable dose for the study of immune responses. Then resistance to reinfection induced by irradiated MC of C. sinensis was evaluated and an association between resistance and Th1-and Th2-type cytokines were observed. MATERIALS AND METHODSParasites and experimental animals -SpragueDawley (SD) rats (female, 8 wk old) were purchased (Samyook animal center, Osan-shi, Kyonggi-do, South Korea) and used for whole experimental process. Parasites C. sinensis MC collected from Pseudorasbova parva were used for infection of rats and rabbits. Male white rabbits (New Zealand white) about 1.5 to 2 kg were used to recover adult C. sinensis for collection of C. sinensis excretory-secretory antigen (ES Ag). All procedures involving animals and their care were in conformity with institutional guidelines that comply with national and international laws and policies.Irradiation -MC were dispensed into each micro tube (1.5 ml) containing 200 µl saline. The MC in the tube were given irradiation with single dose from 0 to 100 Gy (1 Gy = 100 rad) and irradiated at the rate 375 rad/min at 70 cm distance from the source, using 60 Co (Thrateron 780, AECL, Canada) gamma-ray.Antigen preparation -C. sinensis MC were collected from P. parva and digested with artificial gastric juice, and orally administered to the experimental rabbits. Th...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance to reinfection in rats induced by irradiated metacercariae of Clonorchis sinensis

Quan

Lee

Bae

et al. 2005

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…As a consequence, our results support a modulatory role of PAR-2 activation in intestinal motility. Regarding PAR-2-mediated secretory responses, although a significant recovery was observed during the late postinfectious phase, epithelial barrier alterations had a long-term persistence, even after parasite expulsion from the intestinal lumen (37). This change was associated with an incomplete recovery of PAR-2 expression in the epithelial border and an increased PAR-2 expression in the submucosal ganglia.…”

Section: G397mentioning

confidence: 99%

PAR-2-mediated control of barrier function and motility differs between early and late phases of postinfectious gut dysfunction in the rat

Fernandez-Blanco¹,

Hollenberg

Martínez

et al. 2013

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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Fernández-Blanco JA, Hollenberg MD, Martínez V, Vergara P. PAR-2-mediated control of barrier function and motility differs between early and late phases of postinfectious gut dysfunction in the rat. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 304: G390 -G400, 2013. First published December 13, 2012; doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00387.2012.-Proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) and mast cell (MC) mediators contribute to inflammatory and functional gastrointestinal disorders. We aimed to characterize jejunal PAR-2-mediated responses and the potential MC involvement in the early and late phases of a rat model of postinfectious gut dysfunction. Jejunal tissues of control and Trichinella spiralis-infected (14 and 30 days postinfection) rats, treated or not with the MC stabilizer, ketotifen, were used. Histopathology and immunostaining were used to characterize inflammation, PAR-2 expression, and mucosal and connective tissue MCs. Epithelial barrier function (hydroelectrolytic transport and permeability) and motility were assessed in vitro in basal conditions and after PAR-2 activation. Intestinal inflammation on day 14 postinfection (early phase) was significantly resolved by day 30 (late phase) although MC counts and epithelial permeability remained increased. PAR-2-mediated ion transport (Ussing chambers, in vitro) and epithelial surface PAR-2 expression were reduced in the early phase, with a trend toward normalization during the late phase. In control conditions, PAR-2 activation (organ bath) induced biphasic motor responses (relaxation followed by excitation). At 14 days postinfection, spontaneous contractility and PAR-2-mediated relaxations were enhanced; motor responses were normalized on day 30. Postinfectious changes in PAR-2 functions were not affected by ketotifen treatment. We concluded that, in the rat model of Trichinella spiralis infection, alterations of intestinal PAR-2 function and expression depend on the inflammatory phase considered. A lack of a ketotifen effect suggests no interplay between MCs and PAR-2-mediated motility and ion transport alterations. These observations question the role of MC mediators in PAR-2-modulating postinfectious gut dysfunction.

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“…Although a Th2 phenotype is a conserved response to helminth infection in human and mice, the nature of the host immune response varies considerably between species of helminths; in some cases Th1 immune response predominates, depending on both the time of infection and the helminth development stage [131, 132]. The time that Th1 immune response is sustained until it polarizes toward Th2, could vary between species [133–135].…”

Section: Human Plasmodium-helminth Coinfectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Helminth Parasites Alter Protection againstPlasmodiumInfection

Salazar-Castañón

Legorreta-Herrera

Rodrı́guez-Sosa

2014

BioMed Research International

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More than one-third of the world's population is infected with one or more helminthic parasites. Helminth infections are prevalent throughout tropical and subtropical regions where malaria pathogens are transmitted. Malaria is the most widespread and deadliest parasitic disease. The severity of the disease is strongly related to parasite density and the host's immune responses. Furthermore, coinfections between both parasites occur frequently. However, little is known regarding how concomitant infection with helminths and Plasmodium affects the host's immune response. Helminthic infections are frequently massive, chronic, and strong inductors of a Th2-type response. This implies that infection by such parasites could alter the host's susceptibility to subsequent infections by Plasmodium. There are a number of reports on the interactions between helminths and Plasmodium; in some, the burden of Plasmodium parasites increased, but others reported a reduction in the parasite. This review focuses on explaining many of these discrepancies regarding helminth-Plasmodium coinfections in terms of the effects that helminths have on the immune system. In particular, it focuses on helminth-induced immunosuppression and the effects of cytokines controlling polarization toward the Th1 or Th2 arms of the immune response.

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The temporal relationship among anti-parasite immune elements expressed during the early phase of infection of the rat with Trichinella spiralis

Cited by 21 publications

References 22 publications

Resistance to reinfection in rats induced by irradiated metacercariae of Clonorchis sinensis

Resistance to reinfection in rats induced by irradiated metacercariae of Clonorchis sinensis

PAR-2-mediated control of barrier function and motility differs between early and late phases of postinfectious gut dysfunction in the rat

Helminth Parasites Alter Protection againstPlasmodiumInfection

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