The temporal evolution of income polarization in Canada’s largest CMAs

Abstract

Income polarization is a pressing issue which is increasingly discussed by academics and policymakers. The present research examines income polarization in Canada’s eight largest Census Metropolitan Areas (CMAs) using data at the census-tract (CT) level between 1971 and 2016. Generally, there are significant decreasing trends in the middle-income population with simultaneously increasing trends in low-income groups. The high-income groups have been relatively stable with fewer significant increasing population trends. Using conventional mapping and cartograms, patterns of the spatial evolution of income inequality are illustrated. Every CMA examined contains an increasing trend of spatial fragmentation at the patch level within each CMA’s landscape mosaic. The results of a spatial autocorrelation analysis at the sub-patch, CT level, exhibit significant spatial clustering of high-income CTs as one process that dominates the increasingly fragmented landscape mosaic.

Risk factors for Lyme disease resulting from residential exposure amidst emerging Ixodes scapularis populations: A neighbourhood-level analysis of Ottawa, Ontario

“…The Ottawa Neighbourhood Study (ONS) aggregates and calculates indicators representative of social determinants of health from custom-tabulated Statistics Canada surveys and municipal datasets for all Ottawa neighbourhoods, as explained in detail elsewhere [ 35 ]. We selected 2016 median household income (after tax) as a measure of neighbourhood socio-economic status and general measure of inequality to examine its association with incidence of residential Lyme disease [ 36 ]. Use of this income variable is consistent with prior studies of Lyme disease risk factors across various geographic scales [ 26 , 27 , 37 , 38 ].…”

Secure in our Masculinities: A Phenomenological Investigation of Private Security Work in Ottawa

“…There are parallels with other work such as construction work or border guards where specific practices of masculinity are complicit in reinforcing the poor working conditions and low pay of the job. There is an increasing divergence between good and lousy jobs and some loss of jobs in the middle ground (Green & Sand, 2015;Ilic & Sawada, 2021) even as the gender pay gap decreases within some fields (Lindley, 2015). This investigation of the private security industry helps make sense of both how the industry is structured to contribute to the increasing supply of lousy jobs and how the workers respond and motivate themselves to enter and work in this field.…”