The temporal and spatial variability of the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass in the southeastern Yellow Sea, 2009–2011

Oh, Kyoung-Hwan; Lee, Seok; Song, Kyu‐Min; Lie, Heung‐Jae; Kim, Young-Taeg

doi:10.1007/s13131-013-0346-9

Cited by 45 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Under the influence of topography and seasonal variations in the East Asian monsoon and associated hydrodynamics, a noticeably large area of cold water mass, bordered by a 10 °C isotherm in the trough is found in the bottom water during the summer half year, which is called the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass (YSCWM). For decades, numerous studies have focused on the formation mechanisms and physical dynamics of the YSCWM (Feng et al, ; He et al, ; Oh et al, ; Park et al, ; Yu et al, ; Zhang et al, ; Zhu et al, ), and have highlighted vertical variations in nutrients and oxygen (Wang et al, ; Wei, Yu, et al, ; Xin et al, ) and consequently in biological communities over the water column (Bai et al, ; Fu et al, ; Liu et al, , ). The impact that the YSCWM has on PSCs has been mostly studied through in situ data collection and analysis (Fu et al, , ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Twenty‐Year Variations in Satellite‐Derived Chlorophyll‐a and Phytoplankton Size in the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea

et al. 2019

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Phytoplankton cell size is a useful ecological indicator for evaluating the response of phytoplankton community structure to environmental changes. Ocean-color remote observations and algorithms have allowed us to estimate phytoplankton size classes (PSCs) at decadal scale, helping us to understand their trends under ocean warming. Here a large data set of pigments, derived through high performance liquid chromatography, was collected in the Bohai Sea (BS) and Yellow Sea (YS) between 2014 and 2016. The data set was used to reparametrize the sea surface temperature (SST)-dependent threecomponent model of Brewin et al. (2017) to the region. The model was validated using independent in situ data set and subsequently applied to satellite chlorophyll-a data from Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative, spanning from 1997 to 2016, to derive percentages of three PSCs to total chlorophyll-a. Monthlyaveraged PSCs exhibited spatial-temporal variations in the study area, linked to topography, temperature, solar radiation, currents, and monsoonal winds. In the surface central south Yellow Sea (SYS), influenced by bottom Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass, tight relationships between PSCs and environmental factors were observed, where high SST, high sea level anomaly, low mixed-layer depth, and low wind speed resulted in higher proportions of nanoplankton and picoplankton from June to October. Significant interannual anomlies in PSCs were found associated with El Niño events in the central SYS, related to anomalies in SST. The refined model characterized 20-year variations in chlorophyll-a concentration and PSCs in complicated optical, hydrodynamic, and biogeochemical environments in the BS and YS.Plain Language Summary Phytoplankton are the fundamental component of the marine ecosystem, and the size structure of phytoplankton influences many processes in phytoplankton biology, marine ecology, and marine biogeochemistry. Phytoplankton can be divided into three phytoplankton size classes (PSCs): microplankton (>20 μm), nanoplankton (2-20 μm), and picoplankton (<2 μm). The Bohai Sea (BS) and Yellow Sea (YS) are shallow marginal seas in the northwest Pacific Ocean, strongly impacted by large river plumes, ocean processes, and seasonal monsoons, supporting high primary and fishery productivity. Using a 20-year time series satellite ocean color data from 1997 to 2016, and a SSTdependent model that links chlorophyll-a concentration to the size structure of phytoplankton, we observe spatial and temporal variations of PSCs in the BS and YS and tight correlations between the size structure and physical variables in the central south Yellow Sea. Interannual variations in the PSCs are coupled with changes of sea surface temperature in El Niño events. Our results demonstrate that variations in the phytoplankton size structure are coupled with changes in climate variability, with implications for how the regional ecosystem may change with predicted changes in climate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Twenty‐Year Variations in Satellite‐Derived Chlorophyll‐a and Phytoplankton Size in the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea

et al. 2019

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“…A unique hydrological phenomenon, which is seasonally present in the SYS, is the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass (YSCWM). Generally bordered by the 10°C isotherm and present in summer, the YSCWM spans a wide range above the bottom of central Yellow Sea in summer with relatively low temperature and high salinity below the strong pycnocline [ Lee et al ., ; Lv et al ., ; Xia et al ., ; Hao et al ., ; Oh et al ., ]. This stratified summer hydrological condition is quite different from the vertically uniform hydrologic structure present in winter [ Ma et al ., ; Xia et al ., ; Lin et al ., ; Hao et al ., ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This stratified summer hydrological condition is quite different from the vertically uniform hydrologic structure present in winter [ Ma et al ., ; Xia et al ., ; Lin et al ., ; Hao et al ., ]. During autumn, the sea surface cooling thickens of the mixed layer resulting in the deepening and weakening of the thermocline until the water column becomes isothermal [ Oh et al ., ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal evolution of the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass and its interactions with ambient hydrodynamic system

et al. 2016

JGR Oceans

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The Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass (YSCWM) is an important component of the hydrodynamic system in the South Yellow Sea (SYS). However, its intricate interactions with the ambient flows over long time scales are not fully understood. This paper presents the analysis of the data set obtained from a seabed‐mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) deployed for nearly 1 year in the western SYS. It allowed us to study the evolution of YSCWM, including the seasonal changes of tidal currents, near‐inertial oscillations (NIOs), and the wind‐driven currents due to typhoons and winter storms. Strong NIOs were found near the bottom of mixed layer and in the pycnocline with nearly opposite current directions, with maximum velocity of nearly 20 cm·s−1 in summer. The YSCWM can also inhibit the direct downward energy transport in the water column due to typhoons. Conversely, the hydrodynamic system also feeds back to influence the change of YSCWM. A large current shear (S) of 20 cm·s−1·m−1 is generated near the top of pycnocline. Generally, the intensity and depth of the pycnocline determine S's magnitude and vertical location, respectively. Based on the monthly averaged density profile data, the Richardson number and wavelet analysis, the NIOs are considered to be capable of inducing predominant shear instability around the pycnocline. However, the NIOs are not strong enough to influence the lower YSCWM. In addition, in autumn, each fortnightly spring tide corresponds with a bottom temperature increase of nearly 2°C, indicating that tidal currents are the leading hydrodynamic driving force to decline the YSCWM.

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“…The 31 year (from 1976 to 2007) average winter observations from the SOA (State Oceanic Administration) routine surveys revealed clearly the presence of warmer and saltier water column on the western part of the Yellow Sea Trough in winter and this pattern is consistent with the path of the Yellow Sea Warm Current (YSWC) (Lin et al, 2011). Moreover, the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass (YSCWM), the most dominant water mass, forms in deeper part of the Yellow Sea by vigorous vertical mixing under strong wind, and the water column becomes almost vertically uniform in winter (Oh et al, 2013). In seasonal cycles, hydrographic characteristics of China Seas are mainly influenced by monsoons as well as ocean currents, where environmental conditions such as temperature, salinity and turbidity show distinct environmental transitions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RAD genotyping reveals fine-scale population structure and provides evidence for adaptive divergence in a commercially important fish from the northwestern Pacific Ocean

Zhang¹,

Xue²,

Li³

et al. 2019

PeerJ

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Exploring factors shaping genetic structure of marine fish is challenging due to fewer barriers to gene flow in the ocean. However, genome-wide sequence data can greatly enhance our ability to delineate previously unidentified population structure as well as potential adaptive divergence. The small yellow croaker (Larimichthys polyactis) is a commercially important fish species with high gene flow and its overwintering populations experience heterogeneous environment, suggesting possible population differentiation and adaptive divergence. To delineate patterns of population structure as well as test for signatures of local adaptation, a total of 68,666 quality filtered SNP markers were identified for 80 individuals from four overwintering populations by using restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq). Significant genetic differentiation among overwintering populations from the Central Yellow Sea, the South Yellow Sea and the North East China Sea were detected (Pair-wise FST: 0.00036–0.00390), which were consistent with population division of overwintering groups inferred from traditional ecological approaches. In addition, a total of 126 unique SNPs were detected to be significantly associated with environmental parameters (temperature, salinity and turbidity). These candidate SNPs were involved in multiple pathways such as energy metabolism and phagocytosis, suggesting they may play key roles in growth and innate immunity. Our results suggested the existence of hitherto unrecognized cryptic population structure and local adaptation in this high gene flow marine fish and thus gain new insights into the design of management strategies.

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The temporal and spatial variability of the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass in the southeastern Yellow Sea, 2009–2011

Cited by 45 publications

References 20 publications

Twenty‐Year Variations in Satellite‐Derived Chlorophyll‐a and Phytoplankton Size in the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea

Twenty‐Year Variations in Satellite‐Derived Chlorophyll‐a and Phytoplankton Size in the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea

Seasonal evolution of the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass and its interactions with ambient hydrodynamic system

RAD genotyping reveals fine-scale population structure and provides evidence for adaptive divergence in a commercially important fish from the northwestern Pacific Ocean

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