The Tempo of Country Music and the Rate of Drinking in Bars

Bach, Paul J.; Schaefer, Jonathan D.

doi:10.15288/jsa.1979.40.1058

Cited by 39 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Many researchers have investigated whether the rate at which people consume food and drink, as well as the total amount consumed, can be influenced by the characteristics of the background music (e.g., Bach and Schaefer 1979;Drews et al 1992;Guéguen et al 2004;McCarron and Tierney 1989;Ragneskog et al 1996;Roballey et al 1985). For example, McCarron and Tierney conducted a study in an experimental environment in which they reported an increase in the consumption of soft drinks when background music was amplified (from no background music to music played at 70 or 90 dB).…”

Section: Auditory Contributions To the Rate At Which People Consume Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Role of Sound in the Perception of Food and Drink

Zampini

Spence

2010

Chem. Percept.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The consumption of food and drink are among the most multisensory of our perceptual experiences. In fact, the evaluation of foodstuffs is not only influenced by the unified oral sensation (or Gestalt) of taste and smell in the mouth but also by what the foods look, feel (i.e., oral texture, temperature, viscosity, etc.), and sound like (particularly for noisy foods such as crisps, celery, carrots, etc.) when we eat or drink them. The empirical literature reviewed here highlights the important role that auditory cues have on our perception of a variety of different food and drink items. In particular, changing the sounds that are made when we bite into a foodstuff, or the sounds that are made by carbonated drinks, have both been shown to have a dramatic effect on perception. Auditory stimuli that are not even directly food-related have also been shown to influence people's behavior. The present article reviews the growing body of research, highlighting the significant effects that music and other auditory stimuli can have on people's food choices. Taken together, the results of the studies reported here unequivocally show that what people hear (be it food-related or nonrelated sounds) can have a dramatic effect on their perceptions of food and drink. Finally, we report a number of explanations that have been put forward in order to account for these cross-modal effects.

show abstract

Section: Auditory Contributions To the Rate At Which People Consume Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Role of Sound in the Perception of Food and Drink

Zampini

Spence

2010

Chem. Percept.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, poor-quality bands can be an irritant, 48 while slower tempo country music is associated with an increase in drinking speed. 49 Loud music may further impair communication between customers, preventing the de-escalation of fractious encounters. A range of other environmental factors can act as irritants such as poor air quality, 43 increased temperature [50][51][52] and uncomfortable furniture.…”

Section: Environmental Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

All-Wales Licensed Premises Intervention (AWLPI): a randomised controlled trial of an intervention to reduce alcohol-related violence

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundViolence in and around premises licensed for the on-site sale and consumption of alcohol continues to burden the NHS with assault-related injuries.Trial designA randomised controlled trial with licensed premises as the unit of allocation, with additional process and cost-effectiveness evaluations.MethodsPremises were eligible (n = 837) if they were licensed for on-site sale and consumption of alcohol, were within 1 of the 22 local authorities (LAs) in Wales and had previously experienced violence. Data were analysed using Andersen–Gill recurrent event models in an intention-to-treat analysis. An embedded process evaluation examined intervention implementation, reach, fidelity, dose and receipt. An economic evaluation compared costs of the intervention with benefits.InterventionPremises were randomised to receive a violence-reduction intervention, Safety Management in Licensed Environments (SMILE), which was delivered by an environmental health practitioner (EHP; the agent). SMILE consisted of an initial risk audit to identify known risks of violence, a follow-up audit scheduled to enforce change for premises in which serious risks had been identified, structured advice from EHPs on how risks could be addressed in premises and online materials that provided educational videos and related material.ObjectiveTo develop intervention materials that are acceptable and consistent with EHPs’ statutory remit; to determine the effectiveness of the SMILE intervention in reducing violence; to determine reach, fidelity, dose and receipt of the intervention; and to consider intervention cost-effectiveness.OutcomeDifference in police-recorded violence between intervention and control premises over a 455-day follow-up period.RandomisationA minimum sample size of 274 licensed premises per arm was required, rounded up to 300 and randomly selected from the eligible population. Licensed premises were randomly assigned by computer to intervention and control arms in a 1 : 1 ratio. Optimal allocation was used, stratified by LA. Premises opening hours, volume of previous violence and LA EHP capacity were used to balance the randomisation. Premises were dropped from the study if they were closed at the time of audit.ResultsSMILE was delivered with high levels of reach and fidelity but similar levels of dose to all premises, regardless of risk level. Intervention premises (n = 208) showed an increase in police-recorded violence compared with control premises (n = 245), although results are underpowered. An initial risk audit was less effective than normal practice (hazard ratio = 1.34, 95% confidence interval 1.20 to 1.51) and not cost-effective. Almost all eligible intervention premises (98.6%) received the initial risk audit; nearly 40% of intervention practices should have received follow-up visits but fewer than 10% received one. The intervention was acceptable to EHPs and to some premises staff, but less so for smaller independent premises.ConclusionsSMILE was associated with an increase in police-recorded violence in intervention premises, compared with control premises. A lack of follow-up enforcement visits suggests implementation failure for what was seen as a key mechanism of action. There are also concerns as to the robustness of police data for targeting and assessing outcome effectiveness, while intervention premises may have received greater attention from statutory agencies and, therefore, the identification of more violence than control premises. Although SMILE had high reach and was feasible and acceptable to EHPs, it was found to be ineffective and associated with increased levels of violence, compared with normal practice and it requires additional work to promote the implementation of follow-up enforcement visits. Future work will aim to better understand the role of intervention dose on outcomes and seek more objective measures of violence for use in similar trials.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN78924818.FundingThis project was funded by the NIHR Public Health Research programme and will be published in full inPublic Health Research; Vol. 3, No. 10. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.

show abstract

“…Music is related to levels of disorder and intoxication. For example, poor quality bands can be an irritant [40] while slow-tempo music can be associated with increased drinking speeds [41]. In addition to acting as an irritant, loud music may further impair communication between intoxicated patrons, hindering the de-escalation of fractious encounters; and hinder communication between premises staff, impeding their ability to act proactively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An exploratory randomised controlled trial of a premises-level intervention to reduce alcohol-related harm including violence in the United Kingdom

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundTo assess the feasibility of a randomised controlled trial of a licensed premises intervention to reduce severe intoxication and disorder; to establish effect sizes and identify appropriate approaches to the development and maintenance of a rigorous research design and intervention implementation.MethodsAn exploratory two-armed parallel randomised controlled trial with a nested process evaluation. An audit of risk factors and a tailored action plan for high risk premises, with three month follow up audit and feedback. Thirty-two premises that had experienced at least one assault in the year prior to the intervention were recruited, match paired and randomly allocated to control or intervention group. Police violence data and data from a street survey of study premises’ customers, including measures of breath alcohol concentration and surveyor rated customer intoxication, were used to assess effect sizes for a future definitive trial. A nested process evaluation explored implementation barriers and the fidelity of the intervention with key stakeholders and senior staff in intervention premises using semi-structured interviews.ResultsThe process evaluation indicated implementation barriers and low fidelity, with a reluctance to implement the intervention and to submit to a formal risk audit. Power calculations suggest the intervention effect on violence and subjective intoxication would be raised to significance with a study size of 517 premises.ConclusionsIt is methodologically feasible to conduct randomised controlled trials where licensed premises are the unit of allocation. However, lack of enthusiasm in senior premises staff indicates the need for intervention enforcement, rather than voluntary agreements, and on-going strategies to promote sustainability.Trial registrationUKCRN 7090; ISRCTN: 80875696

show abstract

The Tempo of Country Music and the Rate of Drinking in Bars

Cited by 39 publications

References 1 publication

Assessing the Role of Sound in the Perception of Food and Drink

Assessing the Role of Sound in the Perception of Food and Drink

All-Wales Licensed Premises Intervention (AWLPI): a randomised controlled trial of an intervention to reduce alcohol-related violence

An exploratory randomised controlled trial of a premises-level intervention to reduce alcohol-related harm including violence in the United Kingdom

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About