The Temperature–Size Rule in Lecane inermis (Rotifera) is adaptive and driven by nuclei size adjustment to temperature and oxygen combinations

Walczyńska, Aleksandra; Łabęcka, Anna Maria; Sobczyk, Mateusz; Czarnołęski, Marcin; Kozłowski, Jan

doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2014.11.002

Cited by 58 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The underlying explanatory factor in evolutionary inference is the adaptive significance of the observed change (Merilae & Hendry, 2014;Teplitsky & Millien, 2014). Indirect support for adaptation stems from a previous study showing that the body size of another rotifer species, Lecane inermis, was adaptive to combined temperature/oxygen conditions in accordance with the predictions of temperature-size rule (Walczyńska et al, 2015). Consistent with the invoked study, the temperature-size rule may be regarded as an adaptation to temperature-dependent oxygen conditions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…The driving role of oxygen in temperature-size rule was hypothesized by Atkinson et al (2006). Since then, it was confirmed in several other studies Hoefnagel & Verberk, 2015;Horne et al, 2015;Walczyńska et al, 2015) and rejected in one meta-analysis (Klok & Harrison, 2013). In the context of adaptive phenotypic plasticity, the temperature-size rule can be considered as being ''responsive'' (sensu Whitman & Agrawal, 2009) with regard to temperature, but ''anticipatory'' with regard to oxygen, possibly because mechanisms of response to temperature are better developed than those of response to oxygen, as was previously suggested by Walczyńska et al (2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

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Empirical evidence for fast temperature-dependent body size evolution in rotifers

Walczyńska

Franch‐Gras

2017

Hydrobiologia

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Organisms tend to decrease in size with increasing temperature by phenotypic plasticity (the temperature-size rule; ectotherms) and/or genetically (Bergmann's rule; all organisms). In this study, the evolutionary response of body size to temperature was examined in the cyclically parthenogenetic rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. Our aim was to investigate whether this species, already known to decrease in size with increasing temperature by phenotypic plasticity, presents a similar pattern at the genetic level. We exposed a multiclonal mixture of B. plicatilis to experimental evolution at low and high temperature and monitored body size weekly. Within a month, we observed a smaller size at higher temperature, as compared to body size at lower temperature. The pattern was consistent for the size of both mature females and eggs; rotifers kept at high temperature evolved to be on average 14% (after 2 weeks) and 3% (after 3 weeks) smaller than the ones kept at low temperature (10 and 5% in the case of eggs, respectively). We therefore found that B. plicatilis is genetically programmed to adjust its body size-toenvironmental temperature.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Empirical evidence for fast temperature-dependent body size evolution in rotifers

Walczyńska

Franch‐Gras

2017

Hydrobiologia

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“…In other words, the temperature-size rule emerges when natural selection favors genotypes that mature earlier at a smaller size in warmer environments (Kozlowski et al 2004). Accordingly, Walczyń ska et al (2015) demonstrated a fecundity advantage of large rotifers (Lecane inermis) in cold water, but small rotifers in warm and hypoxic water. For eutelic species, such as K. cochlearis, growth and reproduction involve a tradeoff between cell size and body size.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colder rotifers grow larger but only in oxygenated waters

et al. 2015

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Citation: Czarnoleski, M., J. Ejsmont-Karabin, M. J. Angilletta, Jr., and J. Kozlowski. 2015. Colder rotifers grow larger but only in oxygenated waters. Ecosphere 6(9):164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/ES15-00024.1Abstract. Why do colder ectotherms grow more slowly but mature at a larger size? Some researchers have argued that oxygen supply and demand play a crucial role in these processes, but many studies conflated the effects of oxygen and temperature. We studied the body sizes of rotifers (Keratella cochlearis) at different depths in 20 European lakes, taking advantage of gradients in oxygen and temperature during summer, when dense, cool waters sink to low depths and become hypoxic. Rotifers were larger in colder waters, but only in the presence of abundant oxygen. In hypoxic waters, rotifers remained small regardless of temperature. We propose that oxygen supply generates a ceiling for maximal possible body size, especially in environments that elevate metabolic demands. Under this condition, any of several processes-developmental plasticity, genetic divergence, size-dependent mortality, or size-dependent selection of microhabitats-could cause a wider range of body sizes in more oxygenated waters, where the maximal possible size exceeds the adaptive size at any temperature.

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“…This prediction has sound empirical support, as benthic amphipods were found to be larger with increased oxygen content in water (Chapelle & Peck, 1999; but see also Makarieva, Gorshkov, & Li, 2005; and Verberk, Bilton, Calosi, & Spicer, 2011), Drosophila melanogaster was found to be smaller in hypoxia conditions, and this effect was enhanced at high temperatures (Frazier, Woods, & Harrison, 2001), smaller Lecane inermis rotifers laid more eggs, which indicates higher fitness, than larger individuals at high temperature/low oxygen conditions (Walczyńska, Labecka, Sobczyk, Czarnoleski, & Kozłowski, 2015), while the rotifer Keratella cochlearis increased with decreasing temperature in its natural habitat, although this pattern was constrained in poorly oxygenated water (Czarnoleski, Ejsmont‐Karabin, Angilletta, & Kozlowski, 2015). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The strong natural negative correlation between temperature and oxygen (Denny, 1993; Garcia & Gordon, 1992; Wetzel, 2001) means that TSR may be considered as being responsive with regard to temperature but anticipatory with regard to oxygen, possibly because mechanisms of response to temperature are better developed in living organisms than those of response to oxygen, as was previously suggested by Walczyńska et al. (2015). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The underestimated role of temperature–oxygen relationship in large‐scale studies on size‐to‐temperature response

Walczyńska

Sobczyk

2017

Ecology and Evolution

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The observation that ectotherm size decreases with increasing temperature (temperature‐size rule; TSR) has been widely supported. This phenomenon intrigues researchers because neither its adaptive role nor the conditions under which it is realized are well defined. In light of recent theoretical and empirical studies, oxygen availability is an important candidate for understanding the adaptive role behind TSR. However, this hypothesis is still undervalued in TSR studies at the geographical level. We reanalyzed previously published data about the TSR pattern in diatoms sampled from Icelandic geothermal streams, which concluded that diatoms were an exception to the TSR. Our goal was to incorporate oxygen as a factor in the analysis and to examine whether this approach would change the results. Specifically, we expected that the strength of size response to cold temperatures would be different than the strength of response to hot temperatures, where the oxygen limitation is strongest. By conducting a regression analysis for size response at the community level, we found that diatoms from cold, well‐oxygenated streams showed no size‐to‐temperature response, those from intermediate temperature and oxygen conditions showed reverse TSR, and diatoms from warm, poorly oxygenated streams showed significant TSR. We also distinguished the roles of oxygen and nutrition in TSR. Oxygen is a driving factor, while nutrition is an important factor that should be controlled for. Our results show that if the geographical or global patterns of TSR are to be understood, oxygen should be included in the studies. This argument is important especially for predicting the size response of ectotherms facing climate warming.

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The Temperature–Size Rule in Lecane inermis (Rotifera) is adaptive and driven by nuclei size adjustment to temperature and oxygen combinations

Cited by 58 publications

References 39 publications

Empirical evidence for fast temperature-dependent body size evolution in rotifers

Empirical evidence for fast temperature-dependent body size evolution in rotifers

Colder rotifers grow larger but only in oxygenated waters

The underestimated role of temperature–oxygen relationship in large‐scale studies on size‐to‐temperature response

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