The temperature response to stratospheric water vapour changes

Maycock, Amanda C.; Shine, Keith P.; Joshi, Manoj

doi:10.1002/qj.822

Cited by 56 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…3d). Increased shortwave heating by higher ozone levels, local tropopause height shifts, and changes in dynamical heating certainly contribute to this, and importantly so does less longwave cooling as a result of the much lower stratospheric water vapour concentrations (Maycock et al, 2011) in G1, as discussed below. The ozone increases in the upper stratosphere are larger in G1 than under 4 × CO 2 (compare Fig.…”

Section: Stratospheric Ozone and Temperature Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stratospheric ozone changes under solar geoengineering: implications for UV exposure and air quality

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Various forms of geoengineering have been proposed to counter anthropogenic climate change. Methods which aim to modify the Earth's energy balance by reducing insolation are often subsumed under the term solar radiation management (SRM). Here, we present results of a standard SRM modelling experiment in which the incoming solar irradiance is reduced to offset the global mean warming induced by a quadrupling of atmospheric carbon dioxide. For the first time in an atmosphere-ocean coupled climate model, we include atmospheric composition feedbacks for this experiment. While the SRM scheme considered here could offset greenhouse gas induced global mean surface warming, it leads to important changes in atmospheric composition. We find large stratospheric ozone increases that induce significant reductions in surface UV-B irradiance, which would have implications for vitamin D production. In addition, the higher stratospheric ozone levels lead to decreased ozone photolysis in the troposphere. In combination with lower atmospheric specific humidity under SRM, this results in overall surface ozone concentration increases in the idealized G1 experiment. Both UV-B and surface ozone changes are important for human health. We therefore highlight that both stratospheric and tropospheric ozone changes must be considered in the assessment of any SRM scheme, due to their important roles in regulating UV exposure and air quality.

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Section: Stratospheric Ozone and Temperature Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stratospheric ozone changes under solar geoengineering: implications for UV exposure and air quality

et al. 2016

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“…To first order, impacts from changes in ozone concentration vary with the total column amount (e.g., surface UV radiation), but other impacts are highly sensitive to changes in the vertical distribution. In particular, several studies have shown a high sensitivity of radiative forcing and local temperature structure from O 3 /WV changes in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) region (Forster and Shine, 1999;Forster et al, 2007;Maycock et al, 2011;Solomon et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Stratospheric Water and Ozone Satellite Homogenized (SWOOSH) database: a long-term database for climate studies

Davis

Rosenlof

Haßler

et al. 2016

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

163

195

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Abstract. In this paper, we describe the construction of the Stratospheric Water and Ozone Satellite Homogenized (SWOOSH) database, which includes vertically resolved ozone and water vapor data from a subset of the limb profiling satellite instruments operating since the 1980s. The primary SWOOSH products are zonal-mean monthly-mean time series of water vapor and ozone mixing ratio on pressure levels (12 levels per decade from 316 to 1 hPa). The SWOOSH pressure level products are provided on several independent zonal-mean grids (2.5, 5, and 10 • ), and additional products include two coarse 3-D griddings (30 • long × 10 • lat, 20 • × 5 • ) as well as a zonal-mean isentropic product. SWOOSH includes both individual satellite source data as well as a merged data product. A key aspect of the merged product is that the source records are homogenized to account for inter-satellite biases and to minimize artificial jumps in the record. We describe the SWOOSH homogenization process, which involves adjusting the satellite data records to a "reference" satellite using coincident observations during time periods of instrument overlap. The reference satellite is chosen based on the best agreement with independent balloon-based sounding measurements, with the goal of producing a long-term data record that is both homogeneous (i.e., with minimal artificial jumps in time) and accurate (i.e., unbiased). This paper details the choice of reference measurements, homogenization, and gridding process involved in the construction of the combined SWOOSH product and also presents the ancillary information stored in SWOOSH that can be used in future studies of water vapor and ozone variability. Furthermore, a discussion of uncertainties in the combined SWOOSH record is presented, and examples of the SWOOSH record are provided to illustrate its use for studies of ozone and water vapor variability on interannual to decadal timescales. The version 2.5 SWOOSH data are

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“…Forster and Shine, 2002;Solomon et al, 2010) and also in the effect on the lower stratosphere. For example, Maycock et al (2011) used a set of radiative calculations to show that a uniform increase in stratospheric water vapour gives rise to a cooling that is largest in the lower stratosphere at all latitudes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The radiative role of ozone and water vapour in the annual temperature cycle in the tropical tropopause layer

Ming¹,

Maycock²,

Hitchcock³

et al. 2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. The structure and amplitude of the radiative contributions of the annual cycles in ozone and water vapour to the prominent annual cycle in temperatures in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) are considered. This is done initially through a seasonally evolving fixed dynamical heating (SEFDH) calculation. The annual cycle in ozone is found to drive significant temperature changes predominantly locally (in the vertical) and roughly in phase with the observed TTL annual cycle. In contrast, temperature changes driven by the annual cycle in water vapour are out of phase with the latter. The effects are weaker than those of ozone but still quantitatively significant, particularly near the cold point (100 to 90 hPa) where there are substantial non-local effects from variations in water vapour in lower layers of the TTL. The combined radiative heating effect of the annual cycles in ozone and water vapour maximizes above the cold point and is one factor contributing to the vertical structure of the amplitude of the annual cycle in lower-stratospheric temperatures, which has a relatively localized maximum around 70 hPa. Other important factors are identified here: radiative damping timescales, which are shown to maximize over a deep layer centred on the cold point; the vertical structure of the dynamical heating; and non-radiative processes in the upper troposphere that are inferred to impose a strong constraint on tropical temperature perturbations below 130 hPa. The latitudinal structure of the radiative contributions to the annual cycle in temperatures is found to be substantially modified when the SEFDH assumption is relaxed and the dynamical response, as represented by a zonally symmetric calculation, is taken into account. The effect of the dynamical response is to reduce the strong latitudinal gradients and interhemispheric asymmetry seen in the purely radiative SEFDH temperature response, while leaving the 20 • N-20 • S average response relatively unchanged. The net contribution of the annual ozone and water vapour cycles to the peak-to-peak amplitude in the annual cycle of TTL temperatures is found to be around 35 % of the observed 8 K at 70 hPa, 40 % of 6 K at 90 hPa, and 45 % of 3 K at 100 hPa. The primary sensitivity of the calculated magnitude of the temperature response is identified as the assumed annual mean ozone mixing ratio in the TTL.

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The temperature response to stratospheric water vapour changes

Cited by 56 publications

References 22 publications

Stratospheric ozone changes under solar geoengineering: implications for UV exposure and air quality

Stratospheric ozone changes under solar geoengineering: implications for UV exposure and air quality

The Stratospheric Water and Ozone Satellite Homogenized (SWOOSH) database: a long-term database for climate studies

The radiative role of ozone and water vapour in the annual temperature cycle in the tropical tropopause layer

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