The telencephalon of the Western painted turtle (Chrysemys picta belli)

Northcutt, R. Glenn

doi:10.5962/bhl.title.50308

Cited by 62 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Consequently, no labeling is shown in this structure in figure 1. Imme diately caudal to the olfactory bulb, the distribution of silver grains within the tel encephalon indicated the presence of three major projection tracts from the olfactory bulb, as have been previously reported for reptiles [Gamble, 1952, 1956: Northcutt, 1970Ulinski and Peterson, 1981]. These tracts, the lateral olfactory tract (LOT), the intermediate olfactory tract (IOT) and the medial olfactory tract (MOT), and their apparent terminal fields are illustrated in figures 1-5.…”

Section: Turtlesmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…At rostral levels of the pyriform cortex, a small but distinct region of scattered cells occupies the ventral edge of the pyriform cortex. This region, which has been recog nized in turtles by previous authors [John ston, 1915;Gamble, 1956;Northcutt, 1970], is in receipt of LOT input and ap pears to represent a cytoarchitectonically distinct ventral subdivision of the rostral pyriform cortex. Consequently, this re gion is here termed the ventral portion of the pyriform cortex.…”

Section: Turtlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Autoradiographic labeling was also evident in the nucleus of the diagonal band, but it was uncertain if this labeling represented fibers of passage or terminals. Previous authors have reported that the ol factory bulb projections in reptiles do not have terminations in the nucleus of the di agonal band [Gamble, 1952[Gamble, , 1956Heimer, 1969;Scalia et al, 1969;Northcutt, 1970]. A contingent of IOT fibers, previ ously termed the olfactohabenular tract by others [Gamble, 1952[Gamble, , 1956Ulinski and Peterson, 1981], enters the diencephalon via the stria medullaris and courses caudally within the habenula.…”

Section: Turtlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Olfactory Bulb Projections in Pigeons and Turtles

Reiner¹,

Karten²

1985

Brain Behav Evol

184

195

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The projection targets of the olfactory bulb in pigeons and turtles were investigated using autoradiographic techniques. Despite the relatively smaller size of the olfactory bulbs in pigeons, the projection targets of the olfactory bulb are very similar to those in turtles. In both pigeons and turtles, the olfactory bulb projects to the entire rostrocaudal extent of a portion of the dorsolateral telencephalon (which is here recognized as the pyriform cortex in both birds and reptiles) and to portions of the medial telencephalic wall including the medial septal region. In addition, a projection to the olfactory tubercle of the ventral telencephalon is clearly present in turtles and also appears to be present in pigeons. Pigeons and turtles do differ significantly, however, in the extent of the projection to the amygdaloid region. In turtles, olfactory bulb input encompasses the entire mediolateral and rostrocaudal extent of the amygdaloid region, while in pigeons the input is restricted to a small dorsomedial portion of the amygdala termed nucleus taeniae of the archistriatum. The present results suggest that the olfactory bulb projections in birds are generally similar to those in reptiles, with the exception that secondary olfactory bulb projections to the amygdala may be much reduced in birds compared to those in reptiles. The functional significance of the reduction in olfactory input to the amygdala is presently uncertain.

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Section: Turtlesmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Turtlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Turtlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Olfactory Bulb Projections in Pigeons and Turtles

Reiner¹,

Karten²

1985

Brain Behav Evol

184

195

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“…The chemical structure of substance P is highly conserved in non-mammalian species, and is also found in turtles, animals considered phylogenetically related to the extinct theropsids from which mammals arose (4). Previous studies demonstrated substance P immunoreactivity in the turtle central nervous system (5,6); however, the effects of peripheral axotomy on substance P distribution have not been studied.…”

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confidence: 99%

Substance P immunoreactivity in the lumbar spinal cord of the turtle Trachemys dorbigni following peripheral nerve injury

Partata

Krepsky

Xavier

et al. 2003

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Immunoreactive substance P was investigated in turtle lumbar spinal cord after sciatic nerve transection. In control animals immunoreactive fibers were densest in synaptic field Ia, where the longest axons invaded synaptic field III. Positive neuronal bodies were identified in the lateral column of the dorsal horn and substance P immunoreactive varicosities were observed in the ventral horn, in close relationship with presumed motoneurons. Other varicosities appeared in the lateral and anterior funiculi. After axotomy, substance P immunoreactive fibers were reduced slightly on the side of the lesion, which was located in long fibers that invaded synaptic field III and in the varicosities of the lateral and anterior funiculus. The changes were observed at 7 days after axonal injury and persisted at 15, 30, 60 and 90 days after the lesion. These findings show that turtles should be considered as a model to study the role of substance P in peripheral axonal injury, since the distribution and temporal changes of substance P were similar to those found in mammals. Key wordsPeripheral nerve injury may result in significant changes in neuropeptide production and the development of neuropathic pain behavior (1). In rats, peripheral nerve sectioning leads to a marked quantitative decrease in the nerve of substance P, a peptide of 11 amino acids that is present in small primary afferents and plays an important role in pain sensation (2,3).The chemical structure of substance P is highly conserved in non-mammalian species, and is also found in turtles, animals considered phylogenetically related to the extinct theropsids from which mammals arose (4). Previous studies demonstrated substance P immunoreactivity in the turtle central nervous system (5,6); however, the effects of peripheral axotomy on substance P distribution have not been studied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of sciatic nerve transection on substance P immunoreactive fibers in the lumbar spinal cord of the turtle Trachemys dorbigni.Under ether-induced anesthesia (7), the right sciatic nerve was exposed and transected approximately 5 mm distal to the sciatic notch. In this nerve transection, a 2-mm segment of the nerve was removed to ensure that the transection was complete. Groups of three turtles of both sexes, weighing 300-400 g, were sacrificed 7, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days later. On the final day of the experiment, both operated and control turtles were anesthetized (25 mg/kg Thionembutal, intraperitoneally) and perfused through the heart with cold saline solution followed by 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.4. The lumbar spinal cord was quickly dissected out, immersed in the same fixative for 2 h and then cryoprotected in 15 and 30% sucrose solutions in phosphate buffer at 4ºC. Coronal serial sections (50 µm) were obtained with a cryostat (Leitz) and collected in cold phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The sections were then treated with 3% hydrogen peroxide in 10% methanol for 30 min, washed wit...

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“…Within this context, the study ofthe spatial abilities ofturCopyright 2000 Psychonomic Society, Inc.tles is ofthe utmost interest, since most hypotheses on the evolution of amniotes propose that Chelonia diverged early in evolution from the Cotylosauria or stem reptiles, the common ancestors of present-day reptiles, birds, and mammals (Benton, 1988(Benton, , 1997Romer, 1966). In addition, turtles, the only living chelonians, are thought to have retained several features from their primitive ancestors (Carroll, 1969;Gaffney, 1975Gaffney, , 1979Mlynarski, 1976;Northcutt, 1970;Riss, Halpern, & Scalia, 1969). Thus, comparative research with turtles and other reptilian orders is called for, not only to elucidate the organization of the spatial learning and memory systems in living amniotes, but also to understand the evolution and adaptive importance of spatial information processing in vertebrates.…”

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confidence: 99%

Place and cue learning in turtles

López

Rodrı́guez

Gómez

et al. 2000

Animal Learning & Behavior

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Turtles (Pseudemys scripta) were trained in place, cue, and control arm maze procedures, The turtles learned both tasks with accuracy, Subsequent probe and transfer trials revealed guidance and mapping strategies by the cue and the place groups, respectively. Thus, the turtles in the cue procedure solved their task by directly approaching the single individual intramaze cue associated with the goal, whereas the animals in the place task seemed to be using a maplike representation based on the encoding of simultaneous spatial relationships between the goal and the extramaze visual cues. Furthermore, the turtles in the place task were able to navigate with accuracy to the goal from unfamiliar start places, and their performance was resistant to a partial loss of relevant environmental information. The results reveal for the first time, to our knowledge, spatial learning and memory capabilities in a reptile that closely parallel those described in mammals and birds.

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The telencephalon of the Western painted turtle (Chrysemys picta belli)

Cited by 62 publications

References 18 publications

Comparison of Olfactory Bulb Projections in Pigeons and Turtles

Comparison of Olfactory Bulb Projections in Pigeons and Turtles

Substance P immunoreactivity in the lumbar spinal cord of the turtle Trachemys dorbigni following peripheral nerve injury

Place and cue learning in turtles

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