The Teichoic Acids

Ar, Archibald; Baddiley, J.; Nl, Blumsom

doi:10.1002/9780470122754.ch5

Advances in Enzymology - And Related Areas of Molecular Biology

1968

DOI: 10.1002/9780470122754.ch5

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The Teichoic Acids

Archibald Ar¹,

J. Baddiley²,

Blumsom Nl³

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Cited by 14 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 73 publications

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“…TA, a component of the CW of gram‐positive bacteria and accounting for >50% of CW dry weight, are known to stimulate the production of inflammatory mediators (9). L. plantarum contains two types of TA: LTA composed of polyglycerophosphate polymers anchored by a glycolipid to the membrane and highly substituted with D‐alanyl esters (D‐Ala:P ratio of 0.89:1) and, to a minor extent, with glucose (Glc:P ratio of 0.11:1) (10); and WTA consisting of polyribitolphosphates bound covalently to peptidoglycans via a linkage unit (11) and substituted with D‐Ala and Glc residues in variable ratios among different Lactobacillus species (12). A number of studies have revealed that bacterial LTA are involved in the activation of innate immune functions (9, 13–18).…”

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confidence: 99%

Lipoteichoic acids on Lactobacillus plantarum cell surfaces correlate with induction of interleukin-12p40 production

Hirose¹,

Murosaki²,

Fujiki³

et al. 2010

Microbiology and Immunology

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Heat-killed cells of Lactobacillus plantarum L-137 are potent inducers of IL-12 in vitro as well as in vivo and have been shown to have antiallergic, antitumor, and antiviral effects through this induction, which leads to a Th1 type immune response. To determine why L-137 cells induce much greater IL-12 production than the type strain Lactobacillus plantarum JCM1149, we examined the differences in their CW components. The L-137 CW was found to have a higher alanine content and IL-12p40 induction was significantly greater in comparison with JCM1149 CW, whereas peptidoglycans isolated from both strains did not cause IL-12p40 induction. Because in purified CW preparations from gram-positive bacteria, the presence of LTA, the major proinflammatory structure on these bacteria, has been known to have high alanine content, we investigated the responsiveness of both strains to anti-LTA antibody by flow cytometry. L-137 cells reacted more with anti-LTA antibody than did JCM1149 cells. Furthermore, derivative strains of L-137, cured of a specific plasmid pLTK11 of the 15 endogenous plasmids in wildtype L-137, had poor responsiveness to anti-LTA antibody and showed lower IL-12p40 inducing activity than the wild-type L-137 with pLTK11. Our results suggest that LTA expression on the cell surface causes IL-12p40 induction, and that the above internal plasmid of L-137 influences LTA synthesis and expression on the cell surface. Cell wall, Lactobacillus plantarum, lipoteichoic acid, plasmid. LAB are the most common type of probiotic microbes. Reports of the beneficial roles of these bacteria in humans and animals have included effects on the immune system (1, 2). In this laboratory, HK-LP, a strain isolated from fermented food, has previously been shown to be a potent inducer of IL-12 in mice in vitro as well as in vivo production against a natural antigen in a mouse model of food allergy, but also inhibited tumor growth in mice transplanted with syngeneic tumor cells (3, 4). Furthermore, it was demonstrated that, in healthy subjects, daily intake of HK-LP enhanced acquired immunity, especially enhancing Th 1-related immune functions, in addition to producing subsequent improvements in the health-related Key words

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipoteichoic acids on Lactobacillus plantarum cell surfaces correlate with induction of interleukin-12p40 production

Hirose¹,

Murosaki²,

Fujiki³

et al. 2010

Microbiology and Immunology

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Crossed immunoelectrophoresis and chemical structural analysis used for characterization of two varieties ofEscherichia coli K2 polysaccharide antigen

Larsen

Ørskov

et al. 1980

Med Microbiol Immunol

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Crossed immunoelectrophoresis has shown that the Escherichia coli polysaccharide K2 antigen exists in two forms, K2ab and K2a. In confirmation of this finding, chemical structural analysis showed that K2ab, in addition to the galactose, glycerol and phosphate groups common to K2ab and K2a, contained 0 acetyl groups. The contrast between the earlier and the present K2 designation is discussed and the superiority of the CIE technique for this type of analysis is underlined.

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Possible inhibitory effect of teichoic acid on Bacillus subtilis transfer ribonucleic acid

Youatt

Montoya

Nester

1970

Biochemical Journal

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1. tRNA of Bacillus subtilis was found to be variably contaminated with membrane teichoic acid. 2. Samples with high contents of teichoic acid showed no accepting activity for tRNA(Phe) and tRNA(Tyr). 3. Removal of teichoic acid restored accepting activity and fractions containing teichoic acid, separated on Sephadex G-150, inhibited the charging of tRNA(Tyr). 4. The presence of teichoic acid did not inhibit the charging of tRNA(His).

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The Teichoic Acids

Cited by 14 publications

References 73 publications

Lipoteichoic acids on Lactobacillus plantarum cell surfaces correlate with induction of interleukin-12p40 production

Lipoteichoic acids on Lactobacillus plantarum cell surfaces correlate with induction of interleukin-12p40 production

Crossed immunoelectrophoresis and chemical structural analysis used for characterization of two varieties ofEscherichia coli K2 polysaccharide antigen

Possible inhibitory effect of teichoic acid on Bacillus subtilis transfer ribonucleic acid

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