The Technology of Wodden Structures: Etruscan Temples and Shipbuilding

Turfa, Jean MacIntosh

doi:10.1515/etst.2000.7.1.113

Cited by 3 publications

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“…Etruria hosted one of Italy's great early urban civilisations (first millennium BC) in western central Italy 1 , 2 . It was interconnected to other populations of the Mediterranean, especially the Greeks and the Latins (later Romans).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioarchaeology aids the cultural understanding of six characters in search of their agency (Tarquinia, ninth–seventh century BC, central Italy)

Bagnasco,

Marzullo,

Cattaneo

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Etruria contained one of the great early urban civilisations in the Italian peninsula during the first millennium BC, much studied from a cultural, humanities-based, perspective, but relatively little with scientific data, and rarely in combination. We have addressed the unusual location of twenty inhumations found in the sacred heart of the Etruscan city of Tarquinia, focusing on six of these as illustrative, contrasting with the typical contemporary cremations found in cemeteries on the edge of the city. The cultural evidence suggests that the six skeletons were also distinctive in their ritualization and memorialisation. Focusing on the six, as a representative sample, the scientific evidence of osteoarchaeology, isotopic compositions, and ancient DNA has established that these appear to show mobility, diversity and violence through an integrated bioarchaeological approach. The combination of multiple lines of evidence makes major strides towards a deeper understanding of the role of these extraordinary individuals in the life of the early city of Etruria.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioarchaeology aids the cultural understanding of six characters in search of their agency (Tarquinia, ninth–seventh century BC, central Italy)

Bagnasco,

Marzullo,

Cattaneo

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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“…Of them, the Etruscans are recognized as some of the key forerunners of the Western Roman Empire [1]. The Etruscans exerted their influence over different parts of central and northeastern Italy, with expansion to the Campania region (southern Italy) during the 6 th century BCE with the foundation of cities like Capua and Pontecagnano [2][3][4]. Although Etruscan culture significantly influenced the development of pan-European trade networks and contributed to the emergence of Roman power in Italy, there remains a significant knowledge gap about their lives, health conditions and nutrition as little historical sources about them have survived.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diets, stress, and disease in the Etruscan society: Isotope analysis and infantile skeletal palaeopathology from Pontecagnano (Campania, southern Italy, 730–580 BCE)

Riccomi,

Simonit,

Maudet

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Susceptibility to morbidity and mortality is increased in early life, yet proactive measures, such as breastfeeding and weaning practices, can be taken through specific investments from parents and wider society. The extent to which such biosocialcultural investment was achieved within 1st millennium BCE Etruscan society, of whom little written sources are available, is unkown. This research investigates life histories in non-adults and adults from Pontecagnano (southern Italy, 730–580 BCE) in order to track cross-sectional and longitudinal breastfeeding and weaning patterns and to characterize the diet more broadly. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of incrementally-sampled deciduous and permanent dentine (n = 15), bulk bone collagen (n = 38), and tooth enamel bioapatite (n = 21) reveal the diet was largely based on C3 staple crops with marginal contributions of animal protein. Millet was found to play a role for maternal diet and trajectories of breastfeeding and feeding for some infants and children at the site. The combination of multiple isotope systems and tissues demonstrates exclusive breastfeeding was pursued until 0.6 years, followed by progressive introduction of proteanocius supplementary foods during weaning that lasted between approximately 0.7 and 2.6 years. The combination of biochemical data with macroscopic skeletal lesions of infantile metabolic diseases and physiological stress markers showed high δ15Ndentine in the months prior to death consistent with the isotopic pattern of opposing covariance.

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The Etruscan brontoscopic calendar and modern archaeological discoveries

Turfa¹

2004

Etruscan Studies

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by J e a n M a c I n to sh T u r fa T he brontoscopic calendar of P. Nigidius Figulus, preserved in a Byzantine Greek translation by John the Lydian, 1 but believed since the Late Republican period to have descended from the etrusca disciplina, represents, at two removes, the longest coherent Etruscan document known, albeit no longer preserved in its original language. Its predictions cover not only the success or failure of crops, but touch on virtually all areas of Etruscan social and political life, referring even to servile revolts and urban classes. A superficial reading may tempt one to discount its authenticity -revolts, after all, seem to belong to the waning Etruscan states described by the Roman historians for the fourth through second centuries BC. Yet recent discoveries in the field, laboratory and museum are beginning to restore to the ninth through seventh centuries, the period when the calendar, and the disciplina, were codified and recorded, all the dramatic trappings of the calendar's imagery. Further, recent studies by classicists have greatly enhanced our understanding of the milieu of first century Roman religious scholarship that generated the translation and preservation of Etruscan religious texts. Their findings emphasize the magnitude of Etruscan contributions to the culture of Rome, and have elevated the number of Etruscan literati and politicians known to have worked within the framework of the Late Republic. 2

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The Technology of Wodden Structures: Etruscan Temples and Shipbuilding

Cited by 3 publications

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Bioarchaeology aids the cultural understanding of six characters in search of their agency (Tarquinia, ninth–seventh century BC, central Italy)

Bioarchaeology aids the cultural understanding of six characters in search of their agency (Tarquinia, ninth–seventh century BC, central Italy)

Diets, stress, and disease in the Etruscan society: Isotope analysis and infantile skeletal palaeopathology from Pontecagnano (Campania, southern Italy, 730–580 BCE)

The Etruscan brontoscopic calendar and modern archaeological discoveries

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