The technology of continuous fibre-reinforced polymers: a review on extrusion additive manufacturing methods

Pandelidi, Chrysoula; Bateman, Stuart; Piegert, Sebastian; Hoehner, Rene; Kelbassa, Ingomar; Brandt, Milan

doi:10.1007/s00170-021-06837-6

Cited by 30 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…Average (a) tensile strength, (b) Young’s modulus, and (c) flexural strength values for neat, short, and continuous carbon fiber reinforced specimens. 9 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D printing of continuous fiber reinforced composites: A review of the processing, pre- and post-processing effects on mechanical properties

Safari

Kami

Abedini

2022

Polymers and Polymer Composites

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The main objective of this study is to review existing research on the application of fused deposition modeling (FDM) for 3D printing of continuous fiber reinforced composites (CFRCs). An overview of additive manufacturing technology production techniques is provided first, followed by a look into FDM technology. The articles on CFRC printing were then summarized. The type of reinforcing material and matrix utilized, the studied parameters, the mechanical tests, and their results, are all listed. Various pre-processing, processing, and post-processing conditions, as well as their impact on CFRC mechanical properties, were also discussed. Finally, several study gaps were identified and suggestions for further research were presented.

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“…Average (a) tensile strength, (b) Young’s modulus, and (c) flexural strength values for neat, short, and continuous carbon fiber reinforced specimens. 9 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D printing of continuous fiber reinforced composites: A review of the processing, pre- and post-processing effects on mechanical properties

Safari

Kami

Abedini

2022

Polymers and Polymer Composites

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“…3 The raw material or the feedstock for AM depending on the type of underlying technology can range from thermoplastics in filament form to metals, ceramics, and polymers in the form of powder or photocurable liquid resins. 1,4 AM was initially used for visual aids, form evaluation, and fit checking. 1 Through the development of novel materials, processes, equipment and software, other functions such as rapid tooling and direct fabrication of functional end-use products are now possible by AM methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common AM technologies include fused filament fabrication (FFF), selective laser sintering (SLS), stereolithography (SLA), digital light processing (DLP) and multi‐jet fusion (MJF) 3 . The raw material or the feedstock for AM depending on the type of underlying technology can range from thermoplastics in filament form to metals, ceramics, and polymers in the form of powder or photo‐curable liquid resins 1,4 . AM was initially used for visual aids, form evaluation, and fit checking 1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive manufacturing of polypropylene micro and nano composites through fused filament fabrication for automotive repair applications

Jahromi

Nikzad

Prasad

et al. 2022

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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The emerging Additive manufacturing technologies are being adopted by different industries, which require developing new materials and procedures. Here we report the development of polypropylene (PP) based composite materials for fused filament fabrication (FFF) process with the aim of enabling fully automatic robotic repair application of plastic components in automotive industry. A key challenge in repair and joining of polyolefins, which are widely used in such applications, is understanding the interplay of microstructural features and the joining mechanisms employed to achieve a uniform and fully functional repaired components. Specifically, for components manufactured from polypropylene based material, we show that the addition of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), polyisobutylene (PIB) and carbon black (CB) successfully modifies its matrix and produces a composite material ideal for additively repairing of complex geometries found in the automotive applications.This was brought about by effective reduction of the crystallinity of the composite PP matrix from 46.2% to 34.4% and resulting in a net reduction in warpage of the FFF 3D printed samples. Further, the thermal stability of the developed composite was improved with the addition of a moderate amount of carbon filler, enabling an FFF process with higher hot-end temperatures, which subsequently allowed for tuning of the raw material's viscosity, and hence ensuring consistent deposition of molten filaments for building successive layers. Mechanical properties' analysis revealed that the addition of 10 wt.% CB increased the true stiffness (storage modulus) by 20%, the impact strength by 62%, with the drop in ultimate tensile strength of 11%.The optimal elongation at break and toughness were achieved for the samples containing 2 wt.% CB increasing these key properties by 62% and 58%, respectively. In terms of the melt flow index (MFI), as a key rheological indicator, the measured value ranged between 12.5 and 19.0 g=10 min for all compositions suitable for the FFF process. Morphological analysis of the extruded filaments and fracture surface of impact test samples showed a mesoscale interspersion of polymer phases and a

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“…Continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites (CFRTPCs) usually consist of thermoplastic resin matrix and continuous fiber reinforcement [1]. The thermoplastic matrix including Polylactic Acid (PLA), Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene plastic (ABS) and Nylon, etc., is reinforced by continuous fiber reinforcement such as carbon fiber, glass fiber, Kevlar fiber and so on [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process Evaluation, Tensile Properties and Fatigue Resistance of Chopped and Continuous Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites by 3D Printing

Chen¹,

Zhang²,

Cao³

et al. 2022

Journal of Renewable Materials

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The aim of this article was to comprehensively evaluate the manufacturing process, tensile properties and fatigue resistance of the chopped and continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites (CFRTPCs) by 3D printing. The main results included: the common defects of the printed CFRTPCs contained redundant and accumulation defects, scratch and warping defects; the continuous fiber contributed to the dimensional stability and accuracy of width and thickness; associations between mass percentage of fiber reinforcement and the averages of elastic modulus, strain at break and ultimate tensile strength were approximately linear based on tensile test results; the fatigue resistance improved with the increasing fiber reinforcement based on fatigue test results. As for specimens with four fiber rings, there was a good linear relationship between the stress level and logarithm value of cycles during the whole life while those of pure matrix and specimens with one and two fiber rings were piecewise linear, taking about 10,000 cycles as boundary. The micro morphology showed that the fatigue failure behaved as matrix fracture, large and small fiber bundles and single fibers extracted from matrix. Under the tension-tension fatigue load, the deformations where easily concentrating stress behaved as sunken surfaces along thickness and width directions, and the deformation along width direction was greater than that along thickness direction.

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The technology of continuous fibre-reinforced polymers: a review on extrusion additive manufacturing methods

Cited by 30 publications

References 123 publications

3D printing of continuous fiber reinforced composites: A review of the processing, pre- and post-processing effects on mechanical properties

3D printing of continuous fiber reinforced composites: A review of the processing, pre- and post-processing effects on mechanical properties

Additive manufacturing of polypropylene micro and nano composites through fused filament fabrication for automotive repair applications

Process Evaluation, Tensile Properties and Fatigue Resistance of Chopped and Continuous Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites by 3D Printing

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