The Technological Innovation Efficiency of China's High-Speed Rail Enterprises Based on DEA Approach

The effect of innovation-driven policy on innovation efficiency: based on the listed sports firms on Chinese new Third Board

“…Thus, total equivalent patent, total sales and total profit were suitable output variables to evaluate the innovation efficiency of sport firms. The variables' selection was different from Lin et al (2018), but was partially supported by Yang and Yu (2018), Kim and Shin (2019), Griliches (1980), Goto and Suzuki (1989), Yang and Yu (2018), Song et al (2015), Kim and Shin (2019) and Wang et al (2019). The results showed that the innovation management of Chinese sports enterprises emphasized the quantity output goal rather than the quality output goal.…”

“…However, their innovation inputs and outputs can vary significantly throughout the different industries and enterprises. For example, Yang and Yu (2018) selected patents, national scientific and technological awards and sales as output variables while using R&D expenditure and R&D personnel as input variables to measure the innovation efficiency of high-speed rail enterprises. Song et al (2015) adopted the DEA to measure the innovation efficiency of private listed enterprises.…”

“…They set the output index from the benefits of technological innovation products and total benefits of enterprises (Hu and Pang, 2016). Based on the summary of the research results of Yang and Yu (2018), Song et al (2015), Lin et al (2018), Kim and Shin (2019), Wang et al (2019), etc., the primary output indicators include the number of newly added patents (Pat), total sales (Sale), total profit (Prof), total labor productivity (Prod), return on total assets (Roa), profit margin of primary business (Prom), ratio of technological assets (IntR), growth rate of sales revenue (GRS), etc. There is no consistent standard for the selection of innovation indicator variables (Dong et al , 2014).…”