The technical implementation of a retrofit hydrogen PFI system on a passenger car

Huyskens, Pieter; Oost, Stéphane Van; Goemaere, P. J.; Bertels, K.; Pecqueur, M.

doi:10.4271/2011-01-2004

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…6,17 A particular risk can arise from catalytic surfaces such as platinumcoated ignition electrodes. 19 All temperature-driven mechanisms are favored by high compression ratios, poor intake air cooling and most importantly high engine loads. It has also been reported that an abnormal electric discharge of residual energy stored between the ignition coil and the spark plug can cause ignition during the gas exchange cycle.…”

Section: Causes Of Backfirementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Optical screening investigations of backfire in a large bore medium speed hydrogen engine

Eicheldinger

Karmann

Prager

et al. 2021

International Journal of Engine Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Further improvement of hydrogen combustion in port fuel injection engines is limited by backfire. To overcome this drawback of hydrogen port fuel injection engines it is essential to locate and understand the reasons for the inflammation of a backfiring cycle. To contribute to this understanding a minimal invasive lateral optical access was developed for a medium speed large bore engine. The access uses a UV enhanced endoscope to investigate the OH radical’s natural chemiluminescence to locate the inflammation of a backfiring cycle in the combustion chamber. The investigations are carried out at high engine load. The optical investigations were based on a thermodynamic screening. This included the variation of the start of the hydrogen port fuel injection and the engine’s backpressure. These experiments prove the influence of exhaust backpressure and the start of injection on the probability of backfire. As higher backpressure leads to an increased probability of backfire, the SoI strategy has also a decisive influence. An optimum start of injection timing with less backfire under high backpressure was experimentally determined at 300°CA with respect to 720°CA as FTDC. The conducted optical investigations show that backfire starts by ignition by hot residual gasses during the first cycle located under the exhaust valves. Furthermore, the results show ongoing combustion in the intake manifold leading to serious damage of the engine if not prohibited.

show abstract

Section: Causes Of Backfirementioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,17 A particular risk can arise from catalytic surfaces such as platinum-coated ignition electrodes. 19…”

Section: Backfire In Combustion Enginesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical screening investigations of backfire in a large bore medium speed hydrogen engine

Eicheldinger

Karmann

Prager

et al. 2021

International Journal of Engine Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This issue can be alleviated by modifying engine geometry, reducing the crevice volume, retuning of engine operating conditions and a complete removal of abnormal discharge and residual electric energy in the ignition system [45,46]. Also, a non-platinum cold-rated spark plug should be used to avoid pre-ignition and backfiring in SI engine [47]. This is because the platinum material in the spark plug can result in an undesired catalytic response with hydrogen and air.…”

Section: Hydrogen Properties and Their Implications On Use In Internamentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Hydrogen Direct Injection for Internal Combustion Engines: Towards Carbon-Free Combustion

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A paradigm shift towards the utilization of carbon-neutral and low emission fuels is necessary in the internal combustion engine industry to fulfil the carbon emission goals and future legislation requirements in many countries. Hydrogen as an energy carrier and main fuel is a promising option due to its carbon-free content, wide flammability limits and fast flame speeds. For spark-ignited internal combustion engines, utilizing hydrogen direct injection has been proven to achieve high engine power output and efficiency with low emissions. This review provides an overview of the current development and understanding of hydrogen use in internal combustion engines that are usually spark ignited, under various engine operation modes and strategies. This paper then proceeds to outline the gaps in current knowledge, along with better potential strategies and technologies that could be adopted for hydrogen direct injection in the context of compression-ignition engine applications—topics that have not yet been extensively explored to date with hydrogen but have shown advantages with compressed natural gas.

show abstract

“…Apart from benefits related to lowering local pollution and CO 2 emissions, hydrogen internal combustion engines (H 2 ICEs) can be flex-fuel, produced affordably in large quantities, and tolerant of fuel impurities [2]. Several studies [4][5][6][7] have also shown that with the possibility of retrofitting engines, introducing H 2 ICEs are relatively easy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Hydrogen Jet-Wall Impingement

Yeganeh¹,

Rabensteiner²,

Cheng³

et al. 2022

SAE Technical Paper Series

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Decarbonization of the automotive industry is one of the major challenges in the transportation sector, according to the recently proposed climate neutrality policies, e.g., the EU 'Fit for 55' package. Hydrogen as a carbon-free energy career is a promising alternative fuel to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The main objective of the present study is to investigate non-reactive hydrogen jet impingement on a piston bowl profile at different injection angles and under the effect of various pressure ratios (PR), where PR is the relative ratio of injection pressure (IP) to chamber pressure (CP). This study helps to gain further insight into the mixture formation in a heavy-duty hydrogen engine, which is critical in predicting combustion efficiency. In the experimental campaign, a typical high-speed z-type Schlieren method is applied for visualizing the jet from the lateral windows of a constant volume chamber, and two custom codes are developed for postprocessing the results. In particular, the jet's major characteristics i.e., penetration, width, and cross-sectional area are calculated at different PRs (25, 10, 5, and 2.5). The results show that higher pressure ratios lead to faster penetration and larger cross-sectional areas of the hydrogen jet. In addition, the jet-piston interaction at different angles as well as the flow around the piston towards the liner and back to the main cylinder volume are studied considering the optimization of mixture formation in the cylinder. By changing the injection angle (10°, 15°, and 20°), jet-piston impingement occurs near the edges, which results in greater hydrogen concentration around those areas, adversely affecting mixture formation. The measurements are further used to validate a numerical model for hydrogen injection and mixing in a similar jet-piston geometry, applying an unsteady Reynoldsaveraged Navier-Stokes simulation approach in the commercial software Star-CCM+.

show abstract

The technical implementation of a retrofit hydrogen PFI system on a passenger car

Cited by 17 publications

References 4 publications

Optical screening investigations of backfire in a large bore medium speed hydrogen engine

Optical screening investigations of backfire in a large bore medium speed hydrogen engine

A Review of Hydrogen Direct Injection for Internal Combustion Engines: Towards Carbon-Free Combustion

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Hydrogen Jet-Wall Impingement

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About