The Teaching of Preventive Medicine in the United States

Shepard, William P.; Roney, James G.; Orr, Richard H.

doi:10.2307/3348764

Cited by 16 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…New legislation was initiated early in the present century, recognizing the health problems related to poverty, and the need for more than environmental health measures. Major reorganization of public health departments followed (Shepard and Roney, 1964), during which their responsibilities for child health, control of infectious diseases, and hospital management all expanded.…”

Section: Evolution Of Community Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

1. The Teaching of Community Medicine in the Undergraduate Curriculum

Jefferys

2009

Medical Education

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Section: Evolution Of Community Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

1. The Teaching of Community Medicine in the Undergraduate Curriculum

Jefferys

2009

Medical Education

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“…Assessments of preventive medicine's impact in medical schools have been dismal (Shepard andRoney, 1964: Vuori, 1973). As mea sured by the large numbers of these courses that are elective rather than required and by the tendency of the courses to be allocated few hours and credits (Association of American Medical Colleges, 1976), preventive medicine remains a marginal exercise.…”

Section: Preventive and Prim Ary Care M Edicinementioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Persistence of Human Resource Problems in Health

Mick¹

1978

The Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly. Health and Society

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Four current and central problems in health manpower--total numbers, geographic distribution, field of practice, and productivity--are analyzed in the light of the recommendations of the Committee on the Costs of Medical Care. The persistence of these problems since 1932 is due to limited mobility within health occupations, and other differential controls of human resources. Efforts to correct manpower imbalances through educational solutions ignore the role of educational institutions in perpetuating social inequality. Traditional patterns are challenged in an exploration of new sources of change.

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Development of Residency Training in Preventive Medicine

Hume¹

1966

JAMA

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time there were 1,776 positions offered. Table 1 shows the growth of such programs in relation to the numbers of medical schools, medical graduates, internships offered, and residencies offered for selected years. These figures emphasize the modernity of residency programs and demonstrate certain landmarks and trends in the education of physicians. The major points of interest are perhaps the following:1. The sharp decline in the number of medical schools and graduates between 1905 and 1920\p=m-\reflectingthe revolution in medical education resulting in the development of university medical schools and the disappearance of the proprietary schools, starting at the turn of the cen¬ tury and made inevitable by the influential Flexner Report.2 2. The relatively inadequate number of internships available in 1920, though representing a great improve¬ ment over the situation in 1914, when internships were first listed in The Journal.3. The first listing of residency positions available in 1927-a marked contrast to the 1965 listing, which demon¬ strates what appears to be a never-ending expansion of these opportunities, paralleling an increasing specializa¬ tion, an increasing demand by individuals for advanced training, and an increasing demand by hospitals for spe¬ cialized house officers. 4. The remarkably slow growth in the number of medi¬ cal schools and graduates over the past 40 years.It is of interest that in the 1964-to-1965 period, of the 12,728 internships offered, only 10,097 were filled, and of these, 2,821 were filled by graduates of foreign medical schools. The figures for residency programs in the same year were 38,750, 31,005, and 8,153, respectively (Table 2).Early Developments in Graduate Training Graduate training in the general area of preven¬ tive medicine is, to all intents and purposes, a de¬ velopment of the past 50 years, and residency pro¬ grams have been available for only approximately 15 years. This is hardly surprising since in the 1961-to-1962 period there were several medical schools (15%) with no departments in this area, and, for those existing, 21 designations were em¬ ployed.3 There have been many expositions of the vicissitudes attendant upon the development of suitable training programs in this field of medi¬ cine,3 and while there have been isolated examples of imaginative and excellent programs for under¬ graduate medical students, it has been only in the past 10 to 15 years that there have developed an appreciable number of excellent or even reasonably strong departments.A somewhat mitigating factor was the develop¬ ment of the schools of public health.

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The Teaching of Preventive Medicine in the United States

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

1. The Teaching of Community Medicine in the Undergraduate Curriculum

1. The Teaching of Community Medicine in the Undergraduate Curriculum

Understanding the Persistence of Human Resource Problems in Health

Development of Residency Training in Preventive Medicine

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