The TD6 (Aurora stratum) hominid site. Final remarks and new questions

Castro, José Marı́a Bermúdez de; Carbonell, Eudald; Cáceres, Isabel; Díez, J. Carlos; Jalvo, Yolanda Fernández; Mosquera, Marina; Ollé, Andreu; Rodrı́guez, Jesús; Rodrı́guez, Xosé Pedro; Rosas, Antonio; Rosell, Jordi; Sala, Robert; Vergès, Josep-María; Made, Jan van der

doi:10.1006/jhev.1999.0334

Cited by 40 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This inevitably has consequences for the mobility and productivity of hominin groups living at higher latitudes. Taphonomic studies on Dmanisi and Atapuerca are still in their early stages and have yet to outline detailed settlement strategies of early European and Eurasian hominins (Bermúdez de Castro et al, 1999; Tappen et al, 2007) however, later European hominins have been well studied for mobility and site use. In particular, it has been suggested that among high latitude Neanderthal populations, site locations were used for short periods of time and included only a small foraging radius (Macdonald et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive costs for everyone: How female loads impact human mobility strategies

Wall-Scheffler

Myers

2013

Journal of Human Evolution

107

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While mobility strategies are considered important in understanding selection pressures on individuals, testing hypotheses of such strategies requires high resolution datasets, particularly at intersections between morphology, ecology and energetics. Here we present data on interactions between morphology and energetics in regards to the cost of walking for reproductive women and place these data into a specific ecological context of time and heat load. Frontal loads (up to 16% of body mass), as during pregnancy and child-carrying, significantly slow the optimal and preferred walking speed of women, significantly increase cost at the optimal speed, and make it significantly more costly for women to walk with other people. We further show for the first time significant changes in the curvature in the Cost of Transport curve for human walking, as driven by frontal loads. The impact of these frontal loads on females, and the populations to which they belong, would have been magnified by time constraints due to seasonal changes in day length at high latitudes and thermoregulatory limitations at low latitudes. However, wider pelves increase both stride length and speed flexibility, providing a morphological offset for load-related costs. Longer lower limbs also increase stride length. Observed differences between preferred and energetically optimal speeds with frontal loading suggest that speed choices of women carrying reproductive loads might be particularly sensitive to changes in heat load. Our findings show that female reproductive costs, particularly those related to locomotion, would have meaningfully shaped the mobility strategies of the hominin lineage, as well as modern foraging populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive costs for everyone: How female loads impact human mobility strategies

Wall-Scheffler

Myers

2013

Journal of Human Evolution

107

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“…LC would still present a grade 1 of Tomes' root though this trait is absent in the RC. Interestingly, the external root morphology of ATE9-1 P3s is now identical to the root morphology described for H. antecessor P3s, and that was suggested as possibly apomorphic for this species (Bermúdez de Castro et al, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…This site is located in the Railway Trench, 100 m from its entrance and about 200 m away from the wellknown Atapuerca-TD site, the infilling of the Gran Dolina cave (Bermúdez de Castro et al, 1999). The TE site corresponds to a sedimentary karstic infilling stopping up the entrance to the so-called 'Galería Baja,' which belongs to the Cueva Mayor-Cueva del Silo complex, where the Sima de los Huesos site is located (Figure 1).…”

Section: The Sima Del Elefante Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

A morphological study of the tooth roots of the Sima del Elefante mandible (Atapuerca, Spain): a new classification of the teeth—biological and methodological considerations

Prado-Simón

Martinón‐Torres

Baca

et al. 2012

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The recent application of microtomographic techniques to dental morphological studies has revealed an untapped source of biological information about extinct and extant human populations. In particular, this methodology has helped to characterize internal dental structures (enamel-dentine junction, pulp chamber, and radicular canals), maximizing the amount of information that can be extracted from a given specimen. In this study, we present a three-dimensional evaluation of the dental roots of the Sima del Elefante mandible, ATE9-1 (Atapuerca, Spain) by visual inspection, and by tomographic and microtomographic techniques. With 1.3 Myrs of age, this fossil represents the earliest hominin remains in Europe, and one of the very few human fossils for this period and region. Through this case study we aim to present a protocol for the description of the internal dental spaces, exemplify how the application of microtomographic techniques can significantly increase the amount of relevant and informative morphological features (even in the case of fragmentary/heavily worn teeth or teeth with hypercementosis), and explore some biological considerations about external and internal root morphology. There is neither a general nor straightforward correspondence between the external root morphology and the root canals. In cases where a high degree of hypercementosis is present, the external root anatomy can be highly confusing. Indeed the assessment of the internal root anatomy of ATE9-1 teeth has led us to the reclassification of the LC and the LP3 with respect to previous publications. The results of this study suggest that internal root anatomy could be used as a complementary source of biological information.

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“…Similarly, the proposed ancestral position of H. antecessor to AMHS centers primarily on the presence of a canine fossa in the 780,000 year old ATD6-69 specimen (Bermúdez de Castro et al, 1997, 1999a, 1999bArsuaga et al, 1999). Specifically, these researchers suggest that the ATD6-69 specimen possesses the earliest "completely modern pattern of midfacial topography" (Arsuaga et al, 1999), complete with a depressed infraorbital surface morphology coinciding with Maureille"s (1994) definition of an "infraorbital depression."…”

Section: A Priori Approachesmentioning

confidence: 96%

A quantitative assessment of infraorbital morphology in Homo

Maddux¹

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Features of the infraorbital region, such as infraorbital surface topography, infraorbital surface orientation, and curvature of the zygomaticoalveolar crest, have long played a prominent role in phylogenetic analyses of Homo. However, there is currently considerable debate regarding the phylogenetic reliability of infraorbital characters, as numerous researchers have questioned the degree to which these features are morphologically independent of one another and facial size. These questions stem largely from methodological limitations for accurately quantifying the curvilinear morphology of the infraorbital surface and zygomaticoalveolar crest, which have significantly impeded the ability to discern patterns of infraorbital integration and allometry.In this study, infraorbital surface and zygomaticoalveolar crest morphology are precisely assessed, through geometric morphometric methodologies well-suited for quantifying complex curvilinear structures, in a large sample of recent (n = 303) and fossil (n = 71) Homo. Once quantified, measures of infraorbital surface topography, infraorbital surface orientation and zygomaticoalveolar crest curvature are further evaluated for intercorrelation and allometry in order to more fully evaluate the morphological independence of commonly cited infraorbital characters. The results of this study indicate that most aspects of infraorbital surface topography, infraorbital surface orientation and zygomaticoalveolar crest curvature are significantly correlated with facial size across Homo. Moreover, certain aspects of infraorbital shape, such the degree of infraorbital surface depression and the overall curvature of the zygomaticoalveolar crest, appear to show additional, size-independent, intercorrelations, suggesting they form an integrated "infraorbital complex." In light of these results, the use of infraorbital characters as separate independent characters in Copyright by SCOTT DAVID MADDUX 2011 All Rights Reserved Graduate College ii For Tressaiii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS There are numerous people and institutions without whose help this dissertation would not have been possible, and to whom I consequently owe a great debt of gratitude.First, I would like to thank Dr. Robert Franciscus, who has served as my advisor throughout graduate school at the University of Iowa. From the beginning he has been an enlightening teacher, conscientious mentor and trustworthy advisor, who has always given freely of his time, knowledge and resources. Without his expertise, patience and encouragement this dissertation would have been an insurmountable undertaking. It has been a truly immeasurable learning experience working in his lab, and I am grateful for having had the privilege of studying under such an exemplary paleoanthropologist.

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The TD6 (Aurora stratum) hominid site. Final remarks and new questions

Cited by 40 publications

References 15 publications

Reproductive costs for everyone: How female loads impact human mobility strategies

Reproductive costs for everyone: How female loads impact human mobility strategies

A morphological study of the tooth roots of the Sima del Elefante mandible (Atapuerca, Spain): a new classification of the teeth—biological and methodological considerations

A quantitative assessment of infraorbital morphology in Homo

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