The TCP domain: a motif found in proteins regulating plant growth and development

Cubas, Pilar; Lauter, Nick; Doebley, John; Coen, Enrico

doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x.1999.00444.x

Cited by 684 publications

(739 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The primer pair CycP1/ CycP2 was previously used to amplify CYC-like genes from a range of Antirrhineae and related species (Vieira et al 1999, Hileman and. The TCP1F and Cyc3R and Cyc2F primers were designed against conserved regions within the TCP and R domains that are characteristic of CYC-like genes (Cubas et al 1999a). PCR products were cloned into the pCR 2.1 cloning vector and sequenced.…”

Section: Cyc-like Genes and Phylogenetic Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two genes, CYCLOIDEA (CYC) and DICHOTOMA (DICH), play a key role in promoting dorsal identity in Antirrhinum (Luo et al 1996(Luo et al , 1999. CYC and DICH are paralogous genes (CYC-like genes); both are expressed throughout floral development in dorsal regions and encode proteins belonging to the TCP family of transcription factors (Cubas et al 1999a). In addition to affecting petal shape, CYC-like gene activity in dorsal regions inhibits stamen growth in Antirrhinum and the dorsal stamen is reduced to a staminode (Luo et al 1996;Luo et al 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution of flower shape in Plantago lanceolata

et al. 2009

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Plantago lanceolata produces small actinomorphic (radially symmetric), wind-pollinated flowers that have evolved from a zygomorphic, biotically pollinated ancestral state. To understand the developmental mechanisms that might underlie this change in flower shape, and associated change in pollination syndrome, we analyzed the role of CYC-like genes in P. lanceolata. Related zygomorphic species have two CYC-like genes that are expressed asymmetrically in the dorsal region of young floral meristems and in developing flowers, where they affect the rate of development of dorsal petals and stamens. Plantago has a single CYC-like gene (PlCYC) that is not expressed in early floral meristems and there is no apparent asymmetry in the pattern of PlCYC expression during later flower development. Thus, the evolution of actinomorphy in Plantago correlates with loss of dorsal-specific CYC-like gene function. PlCYC is expressed in the inflorescence stem, in pedicels, and relatively late in stamen development, suggesting a novel role for PlCYC in compacting the inflorescence and retarding stamen elongation in this wind pollinated species.

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Section: Cyc-like Genes and Phylogenetic Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of flower shape in Plantago lanceolata

et al. 2009

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“…In both cases, TCP-domain genes [31] and regulation of their expressions are responsible for the development of flat and curved leaf surface. In Arabidopsis, NAP, a direct target of B function genes has been identified, which is regulated by the Arabidopsis class B protein APETALA3 and is thought to take part in the process in the transition between growth from cell division to cell elongation in petals and stamens [5].…”

Section: Wps1 Could Be a Downstream Component In The B Function Durinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wrinkled petals and stamens 1, is required for the morphogenesis of petals and stamens in Lotus japonicus

et al. 2006

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Although much progress has been made in understanding how floral organ identity is determined during the floral development, less is known about how floral organ is elaborated in the late floral developmental stages. Here we describe a novel floral mutant, wrinkled petals and stamens1 (wps1), which shows defects in the development of petals and stamens. Genetic analysis indicates that wps1 mutant is corresponding to a single recessive locus at the long arm of chromosome 3. The early development of floral organs in wps1 mutant is similar to that in wild type, and the malfunction of the mutant commences in late developmental stages, displaying a defect on the appearance of petals and stamens. In the mature flower, petals and stamen filaments in the mutant are wrinkled or folded, and the cellular morphology under L1 layer of petals and stamen filaments is abnormal. It is found that the expression patterns of floral organ identity genes are not affected in wps1 mutants compared with that of wild type, consistent with the unaltered development of all floral organs. Furthermore, the identities of epidermal cells in different type of petals are maintained. The histological analysis shows that in wps1 flowers all petals are irregularly folded, and there are knotted structures in the petals, while the shape and arrangement of inner cells are malformed and unorganized. Based on these results, we propose that Wps1 acts downstream to the class B floral organ identity genes, and functions to modulate the cellular differentiation during the late flower developmental stages.

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“…It belongs to the plant-specific gene family encoding TCP transcription factors, which share a conserved basic helix-loop-helix TCP domain. The name TCP derives from the three founding members of the family, TEOSINTE BRANCHED1 (TB1) of maize, CYC, and PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR (PCF) of rice, all of which control meristem growth by affecting cell proliferation (14). Phylogenetic analysis based on the TCP domain has uncovered two subfamilies; PCF proteins form one clade (class I) whereas CYC/TB1 and CINCINNATA (CIN) group together to form the class II TCP proteins (15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TB1 homologs have also been shown to prevent the growth of axillary buds in rice and Arabidopsis (15,18). The two TCP genes CYC and DICHOTOMA (DICH) in Antirrhinum regulate flower symmetry by modulating celldivision related gene expression (12)(13)(14)19). The wild-type flowers of Antirrhinum have an axis of dorsoventral asymmetry with distinct dorsal, lateral, and ventral organ types.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A TCP domain transcription factor controls flower type specification along the radial axis of the Gerbera (Asteraceae) inflorescence

Broholm

Tähtiharju

Laitinen

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

211

249

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Several key processes in plant development are regulated by TCP transcription factors. CYCLOIDEA-like (CYC-like) TCP domain proteins have been shown to control flower symmetry in distantly related plant lineages. Gerbera hybrida, a member of one of the largest clades of angiosperms, the sunflower family (Asteraceae), is an interesting model for developmental studies because its elaborate inflorescence comprises different types of flowers that have specialized structures and functions. The morphological differentiation of flower types involves gradual changes in flower size and symmetry that follow the radial organization of the densely packed inflorescence. Differences in the degree of petal fusion further define the distinct shapes of the Gerbera flower types. To study the role of TCP transcription factors during specification of this complex inflorescence organization, we characterized the CYC-like homolog GhCYC2 from Gerbera. The expression of GhCYC2 follows a gradient along the radial axis of the inflorescence. GhCYC2 is expressed in the marginal, bilaterally symmetrical ray flowers but not in the centermost disk flowers, which are nearly radially symmetrical and have significantly less fused petals. Overexpression of GhCYC2 causes disk flowers to obtain morphologies similar to ray flowers. Both expression patterns and transgenic phenotypes suggest that GhCYC2 is involved in differentiation among Gerbera flower types, providing the first molecular evidence that CYC-like TCP factors take part in defining the complex inflorescence structure of the Asteraceae, a major determinant of the family's evolutionary success.CYCLOIDEA ͉ flower development ͉ evo-devo ͉ organ fusion

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The TCP domain: a motif found in proteins regulating plant growth and development

Cited by 684 publications

References 37 publications

Evolution of flower shape in Plantago lanceolata

Evolution of flower shape in Plantago lanceolata

Wrinkled petals and stamens 1, is required for the morphogenesis of petals and stamens in Lotus japonicus

A TCP domain transcription factor controls flower type specification along the radial axis of the Gerbera (Asteraceae) inflorescence

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