The Tax Incentives in the IVTM and “Eco-Friendly Cars”: The Spanish Case

Abstract

This article describes research that was carried out regarding the tax incentives in Spain associated with the “eco-friendly car,” which are reflected in its share of taxes on motor-driven vehicles. The study focused on the electric vehicle, the hybrid, and the liquefied petroleum gas vehicle. First, the current regulatory framework was addressed. The maximum bonus limits were considered, as well as how each of 68 cities examined the incentives. The qualitative and quantitative differences among the Spanish cities were discussed. Next, the annual tax savings on the Tax on motor vehicles (IVTM) quota were calculated, and the differences in the tax savings depending on the municipality and type of vehicle were noted, as well as the temporal duration of the bonus. Finally, the average tax savings were calculated based on the type of vehicle, power and municipality. It is clear that, although the tax incentives are positive, they must be complemented by other measures if the public authorities in Spain want to achieve a change in mentality and an increase in the acquisition of “eco-friendly cars” that eliminate pollutants (powered by the combustion of gasoline or diesel).

Digitalization, Circular Economy and Environmental Sustainability: The Application of Artificial Intelligence in the Efficient Self-Management of Waste

“…As indicated by [47] "gain environmental, energy, and economic benefits" or [48] "the important role of consumers in circular economy business models through the examination of consumers' acceptance of recycled goods", this system allows automatic and individual recycling; and as shown by the study of [49] this recycling can even help convert waste into energy. A circular economy based on the self-recycling of elements that today are wasted and thrown directly into the garbage can be very positive if combined with other measures in favor of the environment such as incentives for low polluting vehicles [50], new and more sustainable ways of transportation [51], which will undoubtedly result in a better welfare state [52].…”

Central Banks Digital Currency: Detection of Optimal Countries for the Implementation of a CBDC and the Implication for Payment Industry Open Innovation

“…The use of these digital currencies backed by the central bank is one more step in the necessary digital transformation of societies [54] and, together with other measures such as those proposed by [55,56], will serve to promote this digital transformation, the one proposed by [26], since his study concluded that a CBDC would be accepted.…”

Debt Sustainability: Can EU Member States Use Environmental Taxes to Regain Fiscal Space?

“…Other studies focus on improving consumers' awareness of environmental concerns as a means of promoting green products and adding to the efficiency of environmental taxes [14] or the need for stricter regional government policies to increase the effectiveness of environmental taxes in combating pollution [15]. Since the EU member states have been trying to decrease air pollution levels and, in particular, CO 2 emissions, recent studies have focused on assessing the effectiveness of green taxes as incentives in promoting the use of environmentally friendly cars [16][17][18]. In the current study, environmental tax efficiency will be approached from a different perspective: that of increasing a country's fiscal space.…”