The tarsal gland of ixodid ticks Ixodes persulcatus and Ixodes ricinus (Mesostigmata, Ixodidae)

Leonovich, S. A.

doi:10.1134/s0013873810080130

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…A tarsal gland has previously been detected, whose duct terminates in the pad. Its role in the functioning of the pad as an adhesive organ by the production of non-proteinaceous, lipoid secretion was proposed (Baker, 1997;Leonovich, 2010). As the lateral plates surrounding the pad are equipped with many pore canals (Baker, 1997; present study), one may further suggest that fluid is secreted there and runs over the pad via cuticular folds which have previously been assumed to be a fluid transporting system in pulvilli of representatives of the order Heteroptera (Hasenfuss, 1977a;Hasenfuss, 1980a,b, 1981).…”

Section: Discussion Soft and Flexible But Tough: Tarsal Functional Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional morphology of tarsal adhesive pads and attachment ability in ticksIxodes ricinus(Arachnida, Acari, Ixodidae)

Voigt

Gorb

2017

Journal of Experimental Biology

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The presence of well-developed, elastic claws on ticks and widely pilose hosts led us to hypothesise that ticks are mostly adapted to attachment and locomotion on rough, strongly corrugated and hairy, felt-like substrates. However, by using a combination of morphological and experimental approaches, we visualised the ultrastructure of attachment devices of Ixodes ricinus and showed that this species adheres more strongly to smooth surfaces than to rough ones. Between paired, elongated, curved, elastic claws, I. ricinus bears a large, flexible, foldable adhesive pad, which represents an adaptation to adhesion on smooth surfaces. Accordingly, ticks attached strongest to glass and to surface profiles similar to those of the human skin, generating safety factors (attachment force relative to body weight) up to 534 (females). Considerably lower attachment force was found on silicone substrates and as a result of thanatosis after jolting.

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Section: Discussion Soft and Flexible But Tough: Tarsal Functional Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional morphology of tarsal adhesive pads and attachment ability in ticksIxodes ricinus(Arachnida, Acari, Ixodidae)

Voigt

Gorb

2017

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…The morphology of the HO in adult Ixodes scapularis is insufficiently understood. The only available examples come from transmission electron microscopy of the HO of Ixodes persulcatus (Leonovich, 1977) and light microscopy studies of Ixodes ricinus (Leonovich and Belozerov, 1992). In these species, the capsule contains 7 wall-pored sensilla, which are presumed olfactory based on their morphology.…”

Section: The Haller's Organ Is Not Necessary For Co 2 Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The black-legged tickIxodes scapularisdetects CO₂without the Haller’s organ

Städele

2023

Preprint

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Both male and female ticks have a strong innate drive to find and blood-feed on hosts. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is considered a critical behavioral activator and attractant for ticks and an essential sensory cue to find hosts. Yet, how CO2activates and promotes host-seeking in ticks is poorly understood. We studied CO2responses in the black-legged tickIxodes scapularis, the primary vector for Lyme disease in North America. We show that CO2is a potent stimulant for adultIxodes scapularis, even at lower concentrations. Behavioral reactions to CO2depend on the animal's state: Walking ticks increase their walking speed, while stationary ticks start to wave their forelegs and begin to quest. Contrary to popular belief, we provide convincing evidence that the foreleg Haller's organ is not necessary for CO2detection. Even with disabled or amputated Haller's organ,Ixodes scapularisrespond robustly to CO2, signifying that CO2-sensitive structures important for tick host-seeking have not yet been identified.

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The tarsal gland of ixodid ticks Ixodes persulcatus and Ixodes ricinus (Mesostigmata, Ixodidae)

Cited by 2 publications

References 8 publications

Functional morphology of tarsal adhesive pads and attachment ability in ticksIxodes ricinus(Arachnida, Acari, Ixodidae)

Functional morphology of tarsal adhesive pads and attachment ability in ticksIxodes ricinus(Arachnida, Acari, Ixodidae)

The black-legged tickIxodes scapularisdetects CO₂without the Haller’s organ

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The tarsal gland of ixodid ticks Ixodes persulcatus and Ixodes ricinus (Mesostigmata, Ixodidae)

Cited by 2 publications

References 8 publications

Functional morphology of tarsal adhesive pads and attachment ability in ticksIxodes ricinus(Arachnida, Acari, Ixodidae)

Functional morphology of tarsal adhesive pads and attachment ability in ticksIxodes ricinus(Arachnida, Acari, Ixodidae)

The black-legged tickIxodes scapularisdetects CO2without the Haller’s organ

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The black-legged tickIxodes scapularisdetects CO₂without the Haller’s organ