The talent so fundamental that it is fuel to our minds

Hofstadter, Douglas R.; Sander, Emmanuel

doi:10.1016/s0262-4079(13)61120-3

Cited by 19 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…Analogy making is a fundamental process in everyday problem solving, as well as in refined human activities like art and creation, argumentation, and science (Holyoak, 2012; Hofstadter and Sander, 2013) and plays a key role in conceptual development (e.g., Gentner, 2010). It refers to the process of comparison between the representations of a source and a target domain, in terms of common relations between the items composing these two domains, despite important differences between the elements to be compared.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children’s Failure in Analogical Reasoning Tasks: A Problem of Focus of Attention and Information Integration?

2017

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Children’s improved performance with age in analogy tasks has been explained by an increase in semantic knowledge of the items and the relations between them or by the development of an increased ability to inhibit irrelevant information. We tested the so-called “unbalanced attentional focus hypothesis” that claims that a failure to choose the “analogical” match can be the result of a difficulty to focus on all the relevant information available. Previous eye-tracking research has suggested, in analogies of the A:B::C:D format, that 5–6 year-olds organize their search around the C item. They focused significantly less than adults on the A:B pair, thereby hindering their discovering the relation(s) between A and B. We hypothesized that inducing them to focus their attention on the A:B pair at the beginning of the trial would affect their performance. In Experiment 1, increasing children’s focus on the A:B pair did, indeed, lead to better performance. In contrast, in Experiment 2, focusing their attention on the A:B pair impaired performance when the most salient relation holding between A and B was, in fact, irrelevant for the analogy. By contrast, the obvious-but-irrelevant relation in the A:B pair had no negative effect on performance when no explicit A:B focusing was induced. These results are discussed in terms of the temporal organization of the task and availability of information, and of children’s difficulties to disengage from the main goal of the task, when necessary.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children’s Failure in Analogical Reasoning Tasks: A Problem of Focus of Attention and Information Integration?

2017

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“…And as it is the case for fish, it's only thanks to this omnipresent, unfelt medium that we can dart nimbly from one spot to another in the vast ocean of ideas. 499 To that I would only add that the medium is not so much unfelt as unrepresented. It is thanks to this ocean that we can do something as mundane as turning on a water faucet.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…308 Hofstadter and Sander use the abstraction "shadow" as an example of this process. 309 The most basic kind of shadow we're likely to think about is a light shadow cast by our own bodies. But we may also observe the phenomenon of rain falling on the land on one side of a mountain and not on the other side.…”

Section: Familiarity Fame and Going Metamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Being of Analogy

Roderick¹

2016

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The world is due for a resurgence of original speculative metaphysics. The New Metaphysics series aims to provide a safe house for such thinking amidst the demoralizing caution and prudence of professional academic philosophy. We do not aim to bridge the analyticcontinental divide, since we are equally impatient with nail-filing analytic critique and the continental reverence for dusty textual monuments. We favor instead the spirit of the intellectual gambler, and wish to discover and promote authors who meet this description. Like an emergent recording company, what we seek are traces of a new metaphysical 'sound' from any nation of the world. The editors are open to translations of neglected metaphysical classics, and will consider secondary works of especial force and daring. But our main interest is to stimulate the birth of disturbing masterpieces of twenty-first century philosophy. Noah Roderick The Being of AnalogyLondon 2016 OPEN HUMANITIES PRESSOpen Humanities Press is an international, scholar-led open access publishing collective whose mission is to make leading works of contemporary critical thought freely available worldwide. OPEN HUMANITIES PRESS First edition published by Open Humanities Press 2016Freely available online at http://openhumanitiespress.org/books/the-being-of-analogy AcknowledgementsThe more you understand your debts to others, the harder it is to articulate them. With that terrible paradox in mind, I want to thank Charish. Above all. All of my love. And finally, this book would not have been possible had GrahamHarman not taken a chance on me. I thank him for the revolutionary ideas he brought to the world, for the comma he brought to page 137 of my manuscript, and for everything in between. List of Figures Introduction The Midday StarsEinstein's great mystique lies in his intellectually humble beginnings and in his unorthodox thinking. Every eighth grade science student has heard about his inability to speak until the age of four (though this is almost certainly untrue). They know about how his most important ideas were developed while he was a frustrated patent office worker, and about how he dreamt up his theory of relativity while watching trains pass each other.Einstein's exuberance, his funky hair, and his ability to translate startling visuals into beautiful mathematics made him a counter-culture hero. All of it seemed to come naturally to Einstein, a quirk of personality. Not so for Hideki Yukawa. He titled his memoir Tabibito, "The Traveler." Yet, it is full of mentions of his distaste for leaving the sanctuary of his home and routine.The book's subtitle might well have been An Unexpected Journey. Yukawa had to work hard to become an unorthodox thinker. Since it was not part of his personality, it had to become his philosophy.In the years following the Russo-Japanese War, in the spirit of Meiji curiosity about the nation's rivals, Russian literature was all the rage in Japan. Because of his crippling shyness and his lack of interest in all of the things boys at the time w...

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“…Finally, gifted children also tend to choose the right strategy, when confronted with problems that have multiple potential solutions. In order to excel in these domains, Steiner and Carr argue that gifted children require a certain ability to quickly recognize the abstract patterns, which might be necessary to solve problems of different kinds quickly (Hofstadter and Sander 2013; Hong 2013). …”

Section: Giftednessmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Relation Between Procedural Learning and Syntactic Proficiency in Gifted Children

Spit

Rispens

2018

J Psycholinguist Res

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Gifted children are described as very talented children who achieve more than their age mates in one or more domains (Steiner and Carr in Educ Psychol Rev 15(3):215–246, 2003). These children potentially share a cognitive advantage enabling them to excel in language, but also in other domains. In the present study we explored whether gifted children have a relatively advanced procedural memory. We further investigated the relation between procedural memory and complex syntactic comprehension. 25 gifted children and as many non-gifted children between ages 8 and 13 were administered a serial reaction time (SRT) task and a relative clause comprehension task. Results from the SRT task showed no significant difference between gifted children and their TD peers, whereas gifted children showed significant better comprehension of object relative clauses. No significant correlations were found between the two tasks. There was thus no evidence that gifted children excel in procedural memory. Possibly some other factor, such as meta-linguistic knowledge or a beneficial social environment, contributed to their advanced linguistic comprehension.

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The talent so fundamental that it is fuel to our minds

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Children’s Failure in Analogical Reasoning Tasks: A Problem of Focus of Attention and Information Integration?

Children’s Failure in Analogical Reasoning Tasks: A Problem of Focus of Attention and Information Integration?

The Being of Analogy

On the Relation Between Procedural Learning and Syntactic Proficiency in Gifted Children

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