The Tale of the Unrepaired Cleft—Retrospective Evaluation of Cases Encountered by an Indigenous Mission in a Northern Nigerian Community

Oketade, Ifeoluwa; Bello, Seidu Adebayo; Adeoye, John

doi:10.1177/1055665620965437

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The phenomenon of unrepaired cleft found in middle‐aged children, adolescents and adults, as observed in this study, aligns with a previous study conducted in Nigeria. This occurrence can potentially be attributed to factors such as poverty, lack of awareness and limited accessibility to adequate healthcare facilities 22 . It should be noted that no attempt has been made by this study to quantify the number of unrepaired clefts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

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Age at primary surgery among orofacial cleft individuals in Indonesia

Sarilita,

Rafisa,

Desai

et al. 2023

Orthod Craniofacial Res

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ObjectivesTo observe the age at primary cleft surgery among charity organizations such as Smile Train in helping Indonesia manage patients with OFC.Materials and MethodsA retrospective analysis of medical records was conducted to identify patients with orofacial clefts who underwent primary surgery between 2001 and 2021. The age at the time of surgery was recorded for each patient. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data and determine the average age at primary surgery.ResultsIn the period between 2001 and 2021, a total of 34 239 individuals in Indonesia underwent primary lip surgery, while 16 768 individuals received primary palatal surgery, as recorded in the Smile Train database. Notably, a significant proportion of these surgeries were classified as delayed primary repairs. Approximately 65.3% of primary lip surgeries were performed beyond the recommended timeline of 6 months of age, indicating a delay in the surgical intervention. Similarly, 67% of primary palatal surgeries were also delayed, occurring after the recommended timeline of 18 months of life.ConclusionsThis study provides insights into the age at primary surgery among individuals with orofacial clefts in Indonesia. The findings highlight the need for timely intervention and the importance of considering individualized treatment plans based on the specific type of orofacial cleft. Further research is warranted to explore factors influencing the age at primary surgery and their impact on treatment outcomes and long‐term functional outcomes in this population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…This occurrence can potentially be attributed to factors such as poverty, lack of awareness and limited accessibility to adequate healthcare facilities. 22 It should be noted that no attempt has been made by this study to quantify the number of unrepaired clefts.…”

Section: Surgical Delaymentioning

confidence: 91%

Age at primary surgery among orofacial cleft individuals in Indonesia

Sarilita,

Rafisa,

Desai

et al. 2023

Orthod Craniofacial Res

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“…Nevertheless, some reports of delay in cleft repair still occurred in the country. [ 8 , 15 , 17 , 18 ]. The demographic and clinical parameters that may be responsible for delay in primary surgeries have not been fully explored in Nigeria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends of cleft surgeries and predictors of late primary surgery among children with cleft lip and palate at the University College Hospital, Nigeria: A retrospective cohort study

et al. 2023

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Background Cleft of the lip and palate is the most common craniofacial birth defect with a worldwide incidence of one in 700 live births. Early surgical repairs are aimed at improving appearance, speech, hearing, psychosocial development and avoiding impediments to social integration. Many interventions including the Smile Train partner model have been introduced to identify and perform prompt surgical procedures for the affected babies. However, little is known about the trends of the incidence and surgical procedures performed at our hospital. Nothing is also known about the relationship between the clinical characteristics of the patients and the timing of primary repairs. Objective To determine the trends in cleft surgeries, patterns of cleft surgeries and identify factors related to late primary repair at the University College Hospital, UCH, Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods A retrospective cohort study and trends analysis of babies managed for cleft lip and palate from January 2007 to January 2019 at the UCH, Ibadan was conducted. The demographic and clinical characteristics were extracted from the Smile Train enabled cleft database of the hospital. The annual trends in rate of cleft surgeries (number of cleft surgeries per 100,000 live births) was represented graphically. Chi square test, Student’s t-test and Mann Whitney U were utilised to assess the association between categorical and continuous variables and delay in cleft surgery (≥12 months for lip repair, ≥18months for palatal repair). Kaplan-Meier graphs with log-rank test was used to examine the association between sociodemographic variables and the outcome (late surgery). Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression was conducted to obtain the hazard or predictors of delayed cleft lip surgery. Stata version 17 (Statacorp, USA) statistical software was utilised for analysis. Results There were 314 cleft surgeries performed over the thirteen-year period of study. The male to female ratio was 1.2:1. The mean age of the patients was 58.08 ± 99.65 months. The median age and weight of the patients were 11 (IQR:5–65) months and 8 (IQR: 5.5–16) kg respectively. Over half (n = 184, 58.6%) of the cleft surgeries were for primary repairs of the lip and a third (n = 94, 29.9%) were surgeries for primary repairs of the palate. Millard’s rotation advancement flap was the commonest lip repair technique with Fishers repair introduced within two years into the end of the study. Bardachs two flap palatoplasty has replaced Von Langenbeck palatoplasty as the commonest method of palatal repair. The prevalence of late primary cleft lip repair was about a third of the patients having primary cleft lip surgery while the prevalence of late palatal repair was more than two thirds of those who received primary palatoplasty. Compared with children who had bilateral cleft lip, children with unilateral cleft lip had a significantly increased risk of late primary repair (Adj HR: 22.4, 955 CI: 2.59–193.70, P-value = 0.005). Conclusion There has been a change from Von Langenbeck palatoplasty to Bardachs two-flap palatoplasty. Intra-velar veloplasty and Fisher’s method of lip repair were introduced in later years. There was a higher risk of late primary repair in children with unilateral cleft lip.

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“…Nevertheless, some reports of delay in cleft repair still occurred in the country. (6,13,15,16). The demographic and clinical parameters that may be responsible for delay in primary surgeries have not been fully explored in Nigeria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends of cleft surgeries and predictors of late primary surgery among children with cleft lip and palate at the University College Hospital, Nigeria: a retrospective cohort study

Michael

Olorunfemi

Olusanya

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Cleft of the lip and palate is the most common craniofacial birth defect with a worldwide incidence of one in 700 live births. Early surgical repairs are aimed at improving appearance, speech, hearing, psychosocial development and avoiding impediments to social integration. Many interventions including the Smile Train partner model have been introduced to identify and perform prompt surgical procedures for the affected babies. However, little is known about the trends of the incidence and surgical procedures performed at our hospital and the relationship between the clinical characteristics of the patients and the timing of primary repairs. Objective To determine the trends in cleft surgeries, patterns of cleft surgeries and identify factors related to late primary repair at the University College Hospital, UCH, Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods A retrospective cohort study and trends analysis of babies managed for cleft lip and palate from January 2007 to January 2019 at the UCH, Ibadan was conducted. The demographic and clinical characteristics were extracted from the Smile Train enabled cleft database of the hospital. The annual trends in rate of cleft surgeries (number of cleft surgeries per 100,000 live births) was represented graphically. Chi square test and Student’s t-test were utilised to assess the association between categorical and continuous variables and delay in cleft surgery (≥12 months for lip repair, ≥18months for palatal repair). Kaplan-Meier graphs with log-rank test was used to examine the association between sociodemographic variables and the outcome (late surgery). Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression was conducted to obtain the hazard or predictors of delayed cleft lip surgery. Stata version 17 (Statacorp, USA) statistical software was utilised for analysis Results There were 314 cleft surgeries performed over the thirteen-year period of study. The male to female ratio was 1.2:1. The mean age of the patients was 58.08 ± 99.65 months. The median age and weight of the patients were 11 (IQR:5-65) months and 8 (IQR: 5.5-16) kg respectively. Over half (n=184, 58.6 %) of the cleft surgeries were for primary repairs of the lip and a third (n=94, 29.9%) were surgeries for primary repairs of the palate. Millard’s rotation advancement flap was the commonest lip repair technique with Fishers repair introduced within two years into the end of the study. Bardachs two flap palatoplasty has replaced Von Lagenbeck palatoplasty as the commonest method of palatal repair. The prevalence of late primary cleft lip repair was about a third of the patients having primary cleft lip surgery while the prevalence of late palatal repair was more than two thirds of those who received primary palatoplasty. Compared with children who had bilateral cleft lip, children with unilateral cleft lip had a significantly increased risk of late primary repair (Adj HR: 22.4, 955 CI: 2.59 - 193.70, P-value = 0.005). Conclusion There has been a change from Von Lagenbeck palatoplasty to Bardachs two-flap palatoplasty. Intra-velar veloplasty and Fisher’s method of lip repair were introduced in later years. There was a higher risk of late primary repair in children with unilateral cleft lip.

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The Tale of the Unrepaired Cleft—Retrospective Evaluation of Cases Encountered by an Indigenous Mission in a Northern Nigerian Community

Cited by 5 publications

References 15 publications

Age at primary surgery among orofacial cleft individuals in Indonesia

Age at primary surgery among orofacial cleft individuals in Indonesia

Trends of cleft surgeries and predictors of late primary surgery among children with cleft lip and palate at the University College Hospital, Nigeria: A retrospective cohort study

Trends of cleft surgeries and predictors of late primary surgery among children with cleft lip and palate at the University College Hospital, Nigeria: a retrospective cohort study

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