“…With the aim of conducting research and developing knowledge, the Tavistock Institute developed new participative approaches to organization change and development. In the years that have followed, a number of related approaches have emerged including action science (Argyris, Putnam, and Smith 1985), action inquiry (Torbert 1976), action learning (Mwaluko and Ryan 2000;Revans 1982), appreciative inquiry (Cooperrider and Srivastva 1987;Cooperrider, Whitney, and Stavros 2008) and participatory action research (Argyris and Schon 1991;Whyte 1991). Given the growth in popularity of these kinds of research methods, the literature is unsurprisingly both large and somewhat confusing.…”