The systemic multiplication of Gallibacterium anatis in experimentally infected chickens is promoted by immunosuppressive drugs which have a less specific effect on the depletion of leukocytes

Paudel, Surya; Heß, Claudia; Wernsdorf, Patricia; Käser, Tobias; Meitz, Sarah; Jensen‐Jarolim, Erika; Heß, Michael; Liebhart, Dieter

doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2015.05.001

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…are involved in causing septicemia (Fisher et al 1998;Ewers et al 2004;Abdul-Aziz et al 2016). In recent past, several reports of clinical cases in avian and experimental studies in chickens revealed Gallibacterium anatis to be an important bacterial pathogen associated with septicemia (Bojesen et al 2004;Neubauer et al 2009;Jones et al 2013;Paudel et al 2013;Elbestawy 2014;Paudel, Liebhart, Aurich, et al 2014;Paudel et al 2015;Persson & Bojesen 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Host-related factors such as stress, immune status, age, and hormones tend to play a significant role in aggravating disease severity. Co-infection with other pathogenic bacteria or viral agents causing respiratory tract damage, or immunosuppression in the target host, and abrupt change in environmental factors like seasonal variations, cold stress, lack of biosecurity, deficient nutrition, poor ventilation, and overcrowding exacerbate this disease (Gilchrist 1963;Kohlert 1968;Matthes et al 1969;Bisgaard 1977;Shaw et al 1990;Mirle et al 1991;Bojesen et al 2004;Verbrugghe et al 2012;Paudel et al 2015;Persson & Bojesen 2015;Paudel, Ruhnau, et al 2017). Coinfection of G. anatis with infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) has been reported to increase the rate of systemic infection by G. anatis (He-ping et al 2012;;Mataried 2016), and mixed infection in association with other bacterial pathogens such as E. coli, A. paragallinarum, and Mycoplasma gallisepticum may aggravate disease severity in chickens, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality (Neubauer et al 2009;Paudel, Ruhnau, et al 2017;El-Hamid et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Etiology, epidemiology, pathology, and advances in diagnosis, vaccine development, and treatment ofGallibacterium anatisinfection in poultry: a review

Krishnegowda

Dhama

Kumar

et al. 2020

Veterinary Quarterly

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Gallibacterium anatis is a Gram-negative bacterium of the Pasteurellaceae family that resides normally in the respiratory and reproductive tracts in poultry. It is a major cause of oophoritis, salpingitis, and peritonitis, decreases egg production and mortality in hens thereby severely affecting animal welfare and overall productivity by poultry industries across Europe, Asia, America, and Africa. In addition, it has the ability to infect wider host range including domesticated and free-ranging avian hosts as well as mammalian hosts such as cattle, pigs and human. Evaluating the common virulence factors including outer membrane vesicles, fimbriae, capsule, metalloproteases, biofilm formation, hemagglutinin, and determining novel factors such as the RTX-like toxin GtxA, elongation factor-Tu, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) has pathobiological, diagnostic, prophylactic, and therapeutic significance. Treating this bacterial pathogen with traditional antimicrobial drugs is discouraged owing to the emergence of widespread multidrug resistance, whereas the efficacy of preventing this disease by classical vaccines is limited due to its antigenic diversity. It will be necessary to acquire in-depth knowledge on important virulence factors, pathogenesis and, concerns of rising antibiotic resistance, improvised treatment regimes, and novel vaccine candidates to effectively tackle this pathogen. This review substantially describes the etio-epidemiological aspects of G. anatis infection in poultry, and updates the recent development in understanding the pathogenesis, organism evolution and therapeutic and prophylactic approaches to counter G. anatis infection for safeguarding the welfare and health of poultry.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Etiology, epidemiology, pathology, and advances in diagnosis, vaccine development, and treatment ofGallibacterium anatisinfection in poultry: a review

Krishnegowda

Dhama

Kumar

et al. 2020

Veterinary Quarterly

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“…However, in-feed antibiotics have been strictly regulated in the application of modern livestock industry due to the increase of antibiotic resistance and its potential contaminations to human (Barton, 2000; Bach Knudsen, 2001; Smith et al, 2002). Instead, dietary supplements with zinc oxide (ZnO) will be more promising because it contributes to better growth performance (Broom et al, 2006; Namkung et al, 2006; Zhu et al, 2017), enhancement of intestinal morphology and function, improvement in antioxidant capacity as well as restorations of the mucosal barrier integrity in weaned piglets (Sargeant et al, 2010; Zhu et al, 2017). The underlying mechanism of high ZnO on the regulation of intestinal health in weaned piglets may have an impact on the gut microbiome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary High Zinc Oxide Modulates the Microbiome of Ileum and Colon in Weaned Piglets

Zhu

Chen

et al. 2017

Front. Microbiol.

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Dietary zinc oxide (ZnO) at pharmacological level has been widely used to prevent and treat diarrhea in weaning piglets. Despite its importance for promoting animal health and performance, the influence of microbiome profiles in intestinal tracts by ZnO needs to be comprehensively investigated. In this study, we conducted a comparative microbial community analysis in the ileum and colon of piglets fed by either control diet, high ZnO (3,000 mg/kg) supplement or antibiotics (300 mg/kg chlortetracycline and 60 mg/kg colistin sulfate) supplement. Our results showed that both high dietary ZnO and in-feed antibiotics supplementations significantly increased 5 phyla of Spirochaetes, Tenericutes, Euryarchaeota, Verrucomicrobia, TM7, and reduced 1 phyla of Chlamydiae in ileal digesta. The relative abundance of opportunistic pathogens Campylobacterales were decreased while Enterobacteriales were increased in ZnO or antibiotics-supplemented group when compared to the control. In the colon, the phyla Euryarchaeota, the genus Methanobrevibacter, and the species Methanobrevibacter smithii were drastically increased by high dietary ZnO supplementation when compared with other groups. The microbial functional prediction analysis showed that high dietary ZnO and in-feed antibiotics had a higher abundance of transporter pathway enrichment in the ileum when compared with the control. While in the colon high dietary ZnO had a higher abundant enrichment of methane metabolism involving energy supply when compared with other groups. Both high dietary ZnO and antibiotics increased the microbiota diversity of ileal digesta while they decreased the microbiota diversity of the colonic digesta. Collectively, these results suggested that dietary ZnO and in-feed antibiotics supplementations presented similar effect on ileal microbiota, and mainly affected the non-predominant microbiota.

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“…Furthermore, additional host and pathogen-driven influences for the recognised pathologies need to be considered. At least two studies reported the consequences of immunosuppression leading to a higher load of bacteria in internal organs (Bojesen et al ., 2004; Paudel et al ., 2015). However, as those treatments were introduced prior to infection, the impact of immunosuppression on latent carriers remains to be resolved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commensal or pathogen – a challenge to fulfil Koch’s Postulates

Heß

2017

British Poultry Science

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ABSTRACT1. Infectious diseases have a large impact on poultry health and economics. Elucidating the pathogenesis of a certain disease is crucial to implement control strategies.2. Multiplication of a pathogen and its characterisation in vitro are basic requirements to perform experimental studies. However, passaging of the pathogen in vitro can influence the pathogenicity, a process targeted for live vaccine development, but limits the reproduction of clinical signs.3. Numerous factors can influence the outcome of experimental infections with some importance on the pathogen, application route and host as exemplarily outlined for Histomonas meleagridis, Gallibacterium anatis and fowl aviadenoviruses (FAdVs).4. In future, more comprehensive and detailed settings are needed to obtain as much information as possible from animal experiments. Processing of samples with modern diagnostic tools provides the option to closely monitor the host–pathogen interaction.

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The systemic multiplication of Gallibacterium anatis in experimentally infected chickens is promoted by immunosuppressive drugs which have a less specific effect on the depletion of leukocytes

Cited by 12 publications

References 40 publications

Etiology, epidemiology, pathology, and advances in diagnosis, vaccine development, and treatment ofGallibacterium anatisinfection in poultry: a review

Etiology, epidemiology, pathology, and advances in diagnosis, vaccine development, and treatment ofGallibacterium anatisinfection in poultry: a review

Dietary High Zinc Oxide Modulates the Microbiome of Ileum and Colon in Weaned Piglets

Commensal or pathogen – a challenge to fulfil Koch’s Postulates

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