The systematic position of<i>Equus hydruntinus,</i>an extinct species of Pleistocene equid☆

Burke, Ariane; Eisenmann, Véra; Ambler, Graeme K.

doi:10.1016/s0033-5894(03)00059-0

Cited by 53 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Interestingly, the genetic distance between E. hydruntinus and E. hemionus is within the diversity observed within hemiones, in agreement with previous studies of short (144-288 bp) HVR-1 sequences (17). Although the combination of the relative average dimensions of the metapodials and upper-cheek teeth parameters of E. hydruntinus differed from any other hemione (45), the genetic data suggests that E. hydruntinus was a subspecies of E. hemionus. However, it is worth noting that the kiang and onager/ kulan are currently classified as separate species based on differences in coat color, morphology, geographic distribution, and the number of chromosomes, and yet show poor mitochondrial differentiation (7,8,46).…”

Section: C1 and C2 Nodes Have Been Used As Calibration Points For Msupporting

confidence: 90%

Revising the recent evolutionary history of equids using ancient DNA

Orlando

Metcalf

Alberdi

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

140

125

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The rich fossil record of the family Equidae (Mammalia: Perissodactyla) over the past 55 MY has made it an icon for the patterns and processes of macroevolution. Despite this, many aspects of equid phylogenetic relationships and taxonomy remain unresolved. Recent genetic analyses of extinct equids have revealed unexpected evolutionary patterns and a need for major revisions at the generic, subgeneric, and species levels. To investigate this issue we examine 35 ancient equid specimens from four geographic regions (South America, Europe, Southwest Asia, and South Africa), of which 22 delivered 87-688 bp of reproducible aDNA mitochondrial sequence. Phylogenetic analyses support a major revision of the recent evolutionary history of equids and reveal two new species, a South American hippidion and a descendant of a basal lineage potentially related to Middle Pleistocene equids. Sequences from specimens assigned to the giant extinct Cape zebra, Equus capensis, formed a separate clade within the modern plain zebra species, a phenotypicically plastic group that also included the extinct quagga. In addition, we revise the currently recognized extinction times for two hemione-related equid groups. However, it is apparent that the current dataset cannot solve all of the taxonomic and phylogenetic questions relevant to the evolution of Equus. In light of these findings, we propose a rapid DNA barcoding approach to evaluate the taxonomic status of the many Late Pleistocene fossil Equidae species that have been described from purely morphological analyses.DNA taxonomy ͉ equid evolution ͉ macroevolution ͉ phylogeny ͉ ancient DNA T he original sequence of horse fossils found in the 1870s by paleontologist Othaniel Charles Marsh, and popularized by Thomas Huxley (1), has been enriched by a large fossil record over the years and has now become one of the most widely known examples of macroevolutionary change (2). The original linear model of gradual modification of fox-sized animals (Hyracothere horses) to the modern forms has been replaced by a more complex tree, showing periods of explosive diversification and branch extinctions over 55 MY (3). The end of the Early Miocene (15-20 MYA) marks a particularly important transition, separating an initial phase of small leafy browsers from a second phase of more diverse animals, exhibiting tremendous body-size plasticity and modifications in tooth morphology (4). This explosive diversification has been accompanied by several stages of geographic extension from North America to the rest of the New and Old Worlds, so that by the end of the Miocene (5 MYA) more than a dozen distinct genera are represented in the fossil record (4) (Astrohippus,

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Section: C1 and C2 Nodes Have Been Used As Calibration Points For Msupporting

confidence: 90%

Revising the recent evolutionary history of equids using ancient DNA

Orlando

Metcalf

Alberdi

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

140

125

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“…hemionus (Burke et al 2003), confirmed by DNA studies on remains from Crimea and Iran (Orlando et al 2006). E. hydruntinus was the last species of the Pleistocene megafauna to go extinct in the Iberian Peninsula, as there is evidence of its presence as late as the 16th century (Quesada and von Lettow-Vorbeck 1992).…”

Section: Equus Hydruntinus Regalia 1907mentioning

confidence: 73%

“…The correspondence analysis shows that the sites with taxa associated with open environments such as E. hydruntinus, E. ferus, S. hemitoechus and the large bovids (Brugal 1985;Burke et al 2003;Sala et al 2011;Feranec et al 2010) The faunal association from los Rincones is similar to southern Iberian sites (Zafarraya, Nerja, Vanguard). This fact may reflect similar environmental conditions, but it can also be due to a bias produced by the main accumulator agent.…”

Section: The Site Of Los Rincones In the Iberian Context Of Mis3mentioning

confidence: 89%

“…This taxon is an indicator for conditions of aridity and open spaces (Burke et al 2003;Orlando et al 2006;Feranec et al 2010). …”

Section: Equus Hydruntinus Regalia 1907mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As there are no available biometric data for the third phalanges of E. hydruntinus and these display similarly proportioned bones of the extremities to onagers (Eisenmann and Baryshnikov 1995;Forsten 1999;Burke et al 2003;Orlando et al 2006), we have used the measurements from modern-day onagers taken from Eisenmann's collection (online data at http://www.vera-eisenmann.com) for the purpose of biometric comparison.…”

Section: Equus Hydruntinus Regalia 1907mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Late Pleistocene (MIS3) ungulate mammal assemblage (Los Rincones, Zaragoza, Spain) in the Eurosiberian–Mediterranean boundary

2014

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During the Upper Pleistocene the archaeo-paleontological sites in the Iberian Peninsula are located mainly on the coasts. Here we present for the first time a paleoenvironmental proxy for Upper Pleistocene locality (MIS3) that is in the interior peninsular, in the Moncayo Massif (Zaragoza). This is actually the boundary between Mediterranean and Eurosiberian climatic-regions. The present study is based in the site ungulates: Capra pyrenaica, wich is bigger in size than current and fossil from Mediterranean area. The horses have a small size, which is similar to that of the horses from Fontainhas and Casares. Significantly lesser in the number of rests, are the roe deer, the southern chamois, and the auroch. The study and comparison of the faunal assemblage of the locality of Los Rincones, with other sites of the Iberian MIS 3 shows a cluster of sites in the southern Peninsular, though separated, due to the abundance of C. pyrenaica. The association of Los Rincones is similar to the southern peninsular sites such as Nerja, Gorham Cave, Cova Beneito, Zafarraya. The ungulate assemblage of Los Rincones represents a landscape with temperate climate, presence of steppe, and patches of forest, similar to the current landscape surrounding the cavity today.

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What Neanderthals and AMH ate: reassessment of the subsistence across the Middle–Upper Palaeolithic transition in the Vasco‐Cantabrian region of SW Europe

Marín-Arroyo

Sanz-Royo

2021

J Quaternary Science

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Recent research in northern Spain has revealed the disappearance of Neanderthal populations in the Vasco‐Cantabrian region a few millennia earlier than in eastern and southern Iberia and discovered a short period of overlap with modern humans, at least, in terms of radiocarbon dates. However, the causes of Neanderthal decline understood as a regional and temporal process remain open. Despite the abundance of technological studies, modern‐quality chronological dating, and the availability of archaeofaunal and palaeoenvironmental data, there is a lack of consensus about how climatic and environmental conditions could have affected ungulate prey and, therefore, Neanderthal subsistence strategies. In this paper, an analytical summary of the archaeofaunal and taphonomic data available for the Vasco‐Cantabrian region, combined with the most recent chronological evidence, present general knowledge about animal biogeography and ecology during the Middle–Upper Palaeolithic transition, and provides an interpretation of the behaviour of both human species in the region. This work reviews the palaeomammal community of animals represented in the record as exploited by human groups in several caves and rock shelters and pointing to continuing lacunae in knowledge. Further research is needed to verify and potentially explain the apparent hominin population gap and the ultimate fate of the Neanderthals.

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The systematic position ofEquus hydruntinus,an extinct species of Pleistocene equid☆

Cited by 53 publications

References 32 publications

Revising the recent evolutionary history of equids using ancient DNA

Revising the recent evolutionary history of equids using ancient DNA

A Late Pleistocene (MIS3) ungulate mammal assemblage (Los Rincones, Zaragoza, Spain) in the Eurosiberian–Mediterranean boundary

What Neanderthals and AMH ate: reassessment of the subsistence across the Middle–Upper Palaeolithic transition in the Vasco‐Cantabrian region of SW Europe

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