“…However, we and several other groups have demonstrated that thymic epithelial cells (TECs) from different species constitute a site for promiscuous transcription of a great number of genes belonging to neuroendocrine families, such as the neurohypophysial family, 3 tachykinins, 4 neurotensins 5 and the insulin family. 6,7 The nature of neuroendocrine self was then defined as follows: 7…”
Section: Thymus Physiology and The Nature Of 'Neuroendocrine Self'mentioning
The discovery that thymic epithelium from many species expresses a large repertoire of genes encoding neuroendocrine and other tissuerestricted antigens has radically changed our knowledge of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the development of organ-specific autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes and autoimmune endocrine diseases. Rather than a breakdown of immunological selftolerance in periphery, there is mounting evidence that the diabetogenic autoimmune response may first arise from a thymus dysfunction in the central programming of β-cell self-tolerance. Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) is the dominant member of the insulin gene/protein family expressed in thymic epithelial cells (TECs) from different species, and Igf2 -/-mice fail to programme complete tolerance to insulin.Based on the homology between insulin, the primary and immunogenic auto-antigen of type 1 diabetes, and IGF-2, the tolerogenic selfantigen of the insulin family, the design of a regulatory/negative self-vaccination for prevention against type 1 diabetes has been proposed and is under development.
“…However, we and several other groups have demonstrated that thymic epithelial cells (TECs) from different species constitute a site for promiscuous transcription of a great number of genes belonging to neuroendocrine families, such as the neurohypophysial family, 3 tachykinins, 4 neurotensins 5 and the insulin family. 6,7 The nature of neuroendocrine self was then defined as follows: 7…”
Section: Thymus Physiology and The Nature Of 'Neuroendocrine Self'mentioning
The discovery that thymic epithelium from many species expresses a large repertoire of genes encoding neuroendocrine and other tissuerestricted antigens has radically changed our knowledge of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the development of organ-specific autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes and autoimmune endocrine diseases. Rather than a breakdown of immunological selftolerance in periphery, there is mounting evidence that the diabetogenic autoimmune response may first arise from a thymus dysfunction in the central programming of β-cell self-tolerance. Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) is the dominant member of the insulin gene/protein family expressed in thymic epithelial cells (TECs) from different species, and Igf2 -/-mice fail to programme complete tolerance to insulin.Based on the homology between insulin, the primary and immunogenic auto-antigen of type 1 diabetes, and IGF-2, the tolerogenic selfantigen of the insulin family, the design of a regulatory/negative self-vaccination for prevention against type 1 diabetes has been proposed and is under development.
“…La presence d'E. amylovora dans les fleurs saines a kt6 mentionnee par divers auteurs (Brulez & Zeller, 1981;Geenen et al, 1981), mais ceci n'est pas constant (Sutton & Jones, 1975;Dueck & Morand, 1975;Bonn, 198 1). En general l'association entre le niveau de population des fleurs et la prediction d'apparition n'est pas retrouvee.…”
Un examen des travaux de recherches effectués sur Erwinia amylovora est présenté, qui concerne surtout les résultats des 10 dernières années. Les domaines de la pathogenèse et de la génétique microbienne, de l'épidémiologie et de l'étude de l'influence du climat sur la maladie, des moyens de lutte et de l'amélioration des plantes sont particulièrement examinés. Ce sont en effet les secteurs de recherche qui ont été les plus actifs, et dans lesquels des résultats substantiels ont éteé obtenus.
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