The System of Urban Green Areas in Zhytomyr, Ukraine

Abstract

The area of Zhytomyr is 6083 hectares and the area in the urban system is 4229.8, which is about 69.5 % of the total area of the city. The system of urban green areas of Zhytomyr includes three groups of plantations: green areas for public use, restricted use, and special purpose. These plantations have not been inventoried for more than 35 years. Currently, almost all elements of the green zone of the city have indicators below the norm, especially in terms of beautification. Only 135.0 ha, 40.3 % of public use green areas, have a proper level of beautification. The authors recommend to include in the city master plan the inclusion of coastal stripes, partially water protection zones of all rivers in the structure of separate objects of landscape architecture, mainly landscape parks, improve the location of such facilities throughout the city because most of the residential areas in the center of the city do not have enough recreational areas (parks, squares). Zhytomyr is located in the Polissya climatic zone, the area under forest is 29 %. For the existing population of 270.9 thousand people, 44.7 thousand hectares of green area forests are needed, of which the municipal forests will be 5.4 thousand hectares. The territory of most industrial enterprises has 20 % of green areas, institutions and organizations of defense have 40 %. Of the requirements for urban green areas, the highest priority should be given to the regulatory level of landscaping both within urban areas and beyond. The level of the green area of the territory of most schools, kindergartens, public institutions, hospitals meets the normative indicators. There are 62.0 hectares of forest plantation within the railroad drainage area, about 2.0 hectares of open land with herbaceous vegetation. The authors noted that plantations along the railway are of great importance for the formation and contemplation of landscapes, so plantations and dendrological composition should take into account these circumstances. The composition of herbaceous vegetation should be regulated by the necessary care, the harmful weed species, especially the quarantine species, should not be allowed to reproduce. At present, there are no sanitary protection zones of enterprises, about 15 % of the area of 1-2-storey buildings are located in the contamination zones of harmful emissions of enterprises, which must be taken into account when creating green spaces, constructions of these plantations and selection of the necessary range of trees, shrubs, lawns.

The value of protected man-made parks of the Ukrainian Polissya of the second half of the 18th and early 20th centuries

“…F.F. Markov conducted ecological, geographical, phytosociological, and taxonomic analysis of woody plants such PMLAs as Yulino, Park imeni Miklukho-Maklaia, Korostyshivskyi, and Vilkhivskyi [7]. In the work [8], the historical, cultural, and architectural significance of the Park imeni Miklukho-Maklaia is analysed.…”

“…The study [9] highlights the history of the creation of the Tereshchenko family palace and park complexes (PMLA Yulino), and examines the current state of parks and their structure in landscape, taxonomic, and aesthetic aspects. In [10], the history of the creation of the Korostyshivskyi PMLA and the state of the park zone and its structure were investigated, and a taxonomic, landscape and aesthetic assessment was carried out. The study by A.M. Savoskina considers the historical aspect of the establishment of plantings and their condition in the Vozdvyzhenskyi and Kochubeivskyi PMLAs [11].…”