THE SYSTEM Na2SO4-NaF-NaCl-H2O. I. THE TERNARY SYSTEMS WITH WATER AND TWO SALTS1

Foote, H. W.; Schairer, J. F.

doi:10.1021/ja01374a003

Cited by 22 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…This effect is caused by specific interactions that are captured in models such as that of Pitzer Figure also shows the solubility of NaF in NaCl media, and all three data points are replicates of each other (two by ref and one by ref ), although with significant scatter in the result. Despite the scatter, all three replicates in NaCl media exhibit lower solubility than in NaNO 3 media at the same sodium molality.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salt Solubilities in Aqueous Solutions of NaNO₃, NaNO₂, NaCl, and NaOH: A Hofmeister-like Series for Understanding Alkaline Nuclear Waste

Reynolds

2018

ACS Omega

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Nonelectrolyte solubility in electrolyte solutions follow the Hofmeister series, but the applicability of the series to salt solubility has been less appreciated. This study, using solubility data for thirteen sodium-bearing salts, shows that salts are consistently salted out by electrolytes important to alkaline nuclear waste in the order NaOH > NaCl > NaNO2 > NaNO3 at 298.15 K, which is the same order as the Hofmeister series. Graphical presentation allowed for easy separation of the common ion effect (caused by the addition of Na+) from the salting-out effect (caused by the presence of anions) because there is a large difference between the solubility of a given salt in different background electrolytes at a common Na+ molality. The trend persists even in very high electrolyte concentrations where essentially all of the water molecules must be in the coordination sphere of an ion, which means that the effect of electrolytes on “bulk water” is not the cause of the trend. These specific interactions more likely result from the sharing of water molecules between ions, augmented by differences in ion-pairing of the electrolytes. The Hofmeister series has practical application to the management of alkaline high-level radioactive waste created at nuclear fuel reprocessing facilities, where a predictive understanding of salt solubility is essential for blending wastes of disparate compositions prior to treatment.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salt Solubilities in Aqueous Solutions of NaNO₃, NaNO₂, NaCl, and NaOH: A Hofmeister-like Series for Understanding Alkaline Nuclear Waste

Reynolds

2018

ACS Omega

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“…For example, the thermodynamic properties of a system of Na 2 SO 4 -NaF-NaCl-H 2 O were studied as early as 1930, including the solubility of two inorganic salts, the eutectic formation process and phase transition temperature. 85,86 Pitzer et al 87 used a model of the charged hard-sphere electrolyte as a reference model to study both the long-range and short-range interactions with the assumption that the particle distribution conformed to the Boltzmann distribution equation. An equation with both permeability coefficient and activity coefficient was obtained, which was consistent with the experimental results.…”

Section: Development Of Nacl-based Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of sodium chloride-based electrolytes and materials for electrochemical energy technology

Wei

Chen

et al. 2022

J. Mater. Chem. A

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“…Solubility in the Na 2 SO 4 –NaCl–H 2 O system in the temperature range 0–100 °C: solubility isotherms at 10 °C (a), 25 °C (b), and 35 °C (c). Lines are calculated stable solubilities and symbols represent experimental solubilities. − (d) Stability fields of mirabilite, thenardite, and halite as a function of composition (expressed as mole fraction of NaCl, x NaCl ) and temperature.…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystallization Behavior and Damage Potential of Na₂SO₄–NaCl Mixtures in Porous Building Materials

Shen

Linnow

Steiger

2020

Crystal Growth & Design

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Understanding salt crystallization is critical to uncover the mechanism of salt damage in building materials. Although the behavior of several single salts commonly found in building materials is well characterized, few studies have been carried out to investigate the behavior of salt mixtures that are normally present in building materials. Employing the phase diagram, this study focuses on the crystallization behavior and damage potential of the Na 2 SO 4 −NaCl−H 2 O system during evaporation, by using two pure solutions and four mixed Na 2 SO 4 − NaCl solutions with different NaCl molar ratios x of 0.33, 0.5, 0.8, and 0.97. A series of droplet drying experiments were carried out, and in situ Raman spectroscopy was employed to determine the crystallization sequence. The supersaturation of solutions induced by evaporation was measured through visualization of evaporation in capillary tubes to estimate the maximum crystallization pressure. The results show that the presence of a small amount of halite does not influence the crystallization pathway of sodium sulfate nor the crystallization pressure. In particular, mirabilite nucleation was hindered in mixed salt solutions as well as in the pure Na 2 SO 4 solution under room condition. However, a high molar ratio of NaCl (x 0.8 ) results in remarkable reduction of the evaporation rate, leading to a lower supersaturation of the solution with respect to thenardite, and the solution crystallization follows an equilibrium pathway. NaCl nucleation is observed at a high supersaturation, which is hardly affected by the presence of Na 2 SO 4 . In addition, the influence of halite on the morphology and crystal size was observed by comparing the precipitates of solutions of the same sodium sulfate content. Large thenardite twins are formed in solutions x 0.33 and x 0.5 , while small bipyramidal prisms and extensive creeping are found in solution x 0.8 .

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THE SYSTEM Na₂SO₄-NaF-NaCl-H₂O. I. THE TERNARY SYSTEMS WITH WATER AND TWO SALTS¹

Cited by 22 publications

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Salt Solubilities in Aqueous Solutions of NaNO₃, NaNO₂, NaCl, and NaOH: A Hofmeister-like Series for Understanding Alkaline Nuclear Waste

Salt Solubilities in Aqueous Solutions of NaNO₃, NaNO₂, NaCl, and NaOH: A Hofmeister-like Series for Understanding Alkaline Nuclear Waste

A review of sodium chloride-based electrolytes and materials for electrochemical energy technology

Crystallization Behavior and Damage Potential of Na₂SO₄–NaCl Mixtures in Porous Building Materials

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THE SYSTEM Na2SO4-NaF-NaCl-H2O. I. THE TERNARY SYSTEMS WITH WATER AND TWO SALTS1

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

Salt Solubilities in Aqueous Solutions of NaNO3, NaNO2, NaCl, and NaOH: A Hofmeister-like Series for Understanding Alkaline Nuclear Waste

Salt Solubilities in Aqueous Solutions of NaNO3, NaNO2, NaCl, and NaOH: A Hofmeister-like Series for Understanding Alkaline Nuclear Waste

A review of sodium chloride-based electrolytes and materials for electrochemical energy technology

Crystallization Behavior and Damage Potential of Na2SO4–NaCl Mixtures in Porous Building Materials

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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THE SYSTEM Na₂SO₄-NaF-NaCl-H₂O. I. THE TERNARY SYSTEMS WITH WATER AND TWO SALTS¹

Salt Solubilities in Aqueous Solutions of NaNO₃, NaNO₂, NaCl, and NaOH: A Hofmeister-like Series for Understanding Alkaline Nuclear Waste

Salt Solubilities in Aqueous Solutions of NaNO₃, NaNO₂, NaCl, and NaOH: A Hofmeister-like Series for Understanding Alkaline Nuclear Waste

Crystallization Behavior and Damage Potential of Na₂SO₄–NaCl Mixtures in Porous Building Materials