"The syphilis enigma": the riddle resolved?

Morton, R S; Rashid, Sh. A.

doi:10.1136/sti.77.5.322

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…An example is the search for treponemal DNA in skeletons with evidence of venereal or endemic syphilis undertaken to answer the enigma of its origins and to link skeletal lesions with species (20). Early indications that DNA from this pathogen might persist (17) have not been borne out by later studies, leaving many workers doubtful whether DNA from this organism will ever feature prominently in bioarchaeological research (3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotypic Analysis of the Earliest Known Prehistoric Case of Tuberculosis in Britain

2005

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The earliest known case of human tuberculosis in Britain dates to the middle period of the Iron Age, approximately 2,200 years before present. Bone lesions on the spine of a male skeleton excavated at Tarrant Hinton in Dorset, United Kingdom, show evidence of Pott's disease and are supported by molecular evidence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex DNA amplified by IS6110 PCR (19). In the present study, we used a further series of sensitive PCR methods to confirm the diagnosis of tuberculosis and to determine the genotype of the infecting strain. These tests demonstrated that this individual was infected with a strain of M. tuberculosis rather than Mycobacterium bovis. The strain had undergone the tuberculosis D1 deletion affecting the mmpS6 and mmpL6 genes and can therefore be identified as a member of the family of "modern" M. tuberculosis isolates. All evidence obtained was consistent with surviving mycobacterial DNA being highly fragmented in this case.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotypic Analysis of the Earliest Known Prehistoric Case of Tuberculosis in Britain

2005

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“…Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are more dynamic than other infections prevailing in the community. [1] In India, during 1960s and 70s, bacterial infections such as syphilis, chancroid and gonorrhea were major STIs. Viral diseases such as herpes simplex virus (HSV) and human papilloma virus (HPV) were extremely rare.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study of syndromic and etiological diagnosis of sexually transmitted infection except human immunodeficiency virus in sexually transmitted infection and reproductive tract infection clinic attendees in central India

Tankhiwale¹,

Chavan²

2013

Int J Med Public Health

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Comparative study of syndromic and etiological diagnosis of sexually transmitted infection except human immunodeficiency virus in sexually transmitted infection and reproductive tract infection clinic attendees in central India Context: Most of the sexually transmitted infections (STIs), both ulcerative and non-ulcerative are prevalent in India. However, due to lack of adequate laboratory infrastructure in the country, information regarding STIs lies essentially on syndromic basis. Hence, there is very limited data of laboratory proven STIs. Aims: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalent STI and reproductive tract infection (RTI) in the region and comparison of etiological diagnosis with syndromic approach. Settings and Design: Cross-sectional study. Materials and Methods: A total of 1120 patients attending STI/RTI clinic were included in the study with one or more complaints as enunciated by World Health Organization in its syndromic approach. Depending on syndromic presentation, different samples such as ulcer swabs, genital swabs and blood samples were collected. These samples were processed by the standard guidelines of National AIDS Control Organization. Warts, Molluscum contagiosum and genital scabies were diagnosed clinically. Results: Age of acquiring STI in females (20-24 years) was lower than males (25-44 and more). Vaginal discharge syndrome (90.3%) was most common followed by cervical discharge syndrome (20%). The highest incidence of herpes (14.3%) seen in genital ulcerative diseases but clinically human papilloma virus (16.5%) was common. Overall, Candida was the most common isolates. Bacterial STIs like chancroid (0%) and gonorrhea (0.54%) are showing a declining trend. Laboratory confi rmation of syndromic diagnosis was seen in only 409/1120 (36.5%). Conclusions: Viral STIs/RTIs are getting the upper hand over bacterial. Syndromic algorithms have some shortcomings and they need to be periodically reviewed and adapted to the epidemiological patterns of STIs in a given setting.

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“…There is some written material that suggests that syphilis infected ancient Chinese dynasties and that Augustus Caesar was afflicted by hereditary syphilis, but all of this data are unconfirmed [22]. Existence of venereal syphilis in Italy 600 bc is discussed by Dr. Mattie Hennenberg and his wife [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Which Theory for the Origin of Syphilis Is True?

Anterić

Bašić

Vilović

et al. 2014

The Journal of Sexual Medicine

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Introduction There are four theories about the origin of syphilis, of which the mostly represented one is the Columbian theory. This theory suggests that syphilis was brought into Europe in 1493 ad by the ship from Caribbean islands. Aim The aim of this study is to test all theories on a sample of 403 skeletons: 135 from prehistory, 134 from antique, and 134 from medieval period and new age from the Dalmatia (Croatia). Methods All skeletons were examined using standard anthropological methods. Paleopathological analysis was performed on each skeleton as well as additional radiographic method on one isolated skeleton. Main Outcome Measures Paleopathological changes on skeletal remains connected with treponematosis. Results Paleopathological analysis revealed one skeleton from the antique period (second to 6th century ad) that exhibited skeletal markers similar to those described in one clinical case in which congenital syphilis was confirmed by a Wasserman reaction. Skeletal remains of this person were examined macroscopically and radiographically, and the differential diagnostics eliminated other considered pathologies as well as trauma. Conclusions The finding of skeletal markers of syphilis on a skeleton from the antique supports the theory of pre-Columbian syphilis origin.

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"The syphilis enigma": the riddle resolved?

Cited by 19 publications

References 4 publications

Genotypic Analysis of the Earliest Known Prehistoric Case of Tuberculosis in Britain

Genotypic Analysis of the Earliest Known Prehistoric Case of Tuberculosis in Britain

Comparative study of syndromic and etiological diagnosis of sexually transmitted infection except human immunodeficiency virus in sexually transmitted infection and reproductive tract infection clinic attendees in central India

Which Theory for the Origin of Syphilis Is True?

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