The synthetic cannabinoid Spice as a trigger for an acute exacerbation of cannabis induced recurrent psychotic episodes

Müller, Helge; Sperling, Wolfgang; Köhrmann, Martin; Huttner, Hagen B.; Kornhuber, Johannes; Maler, JM

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2009.12.001

Cited by 166 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In line with these premises, early studies showed a robust anxiolytic effect of lowdose nabilone in comparison with placebo (51,52). Additionally, the few available reports on the clinical outcomes of recreational cannabinoids showed that a moderate consumption of these substances was generally associated with euphoria and disinhibition (53), but the abuse of these substances was associated with high levels of anxiety and mood disturbances (54)(55)(56). Now, it knows that cannabinoids exert their actions via CB1 receptors in the central nervous system (57,58).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Interaction Between L-Type Calcium Channels and Antagonist of Cannabinoid System on Anxiety in Male Rat

Komaki‬¹,

Haghgooyan²,

Shahidi³

et al. 2014

Avicenna J Neuro Psych Physio

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Background:The elevated plus-maze (EPM) has been broadly used to investigate anxiolytic and anxiogenic compounds. There is little information about the effect of interaction between calcium channels and cannabinoid system on the phenomenon of anxiety. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the effects of acute and chronic coadministration of AM251, as cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist, and Verapamil, as L-type Ca 2+ channels blocker, on EPM test in rats. Conclusions: IP injection of CB1 receptor antagonist might have an anxiogenic profile in rat, whereas calcium channel blocker attenuated the anxiogenic effect of AM251. Our results suggest that there is an interaction between functions of L-type Ca 2+ channels and cannabinoid system in anxiety.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Interaction Between L-Type Calcium Channels and Antagonist of Cannabinoid System on Anxiety in Male Rat

Komaki‬¹,

Haghgooyan²,

Shahidi³

et al. 2014

Avicenna J Neuro Psych Physio

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“…[17][18][19][20][25][26][27] Studies in adults have linked SCs to other cardiovascular, psychiatric, and neurological signs and symptoms (Table 2). [17][18][19][20][21][26][27][28] There has also been a case report of severe rhabdomyolysis associated with SC use. 29 Recently, SCs have been associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) (acute tubular injury and acute interstitial nephritis) in young, previously healthy patients without preexisting renal disease.…”

Section: Synthetic Cannabinoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other serious complications associated with SC use include cardiac arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, ST segment abnormalities on electrocardiogram, and seizures. 16,20,26,28,[32][33][34][35][36][37] The cardiac arrhythmias may be attributed to the β-agonist activity of clenbuterol. 16,24 Case reports also suggest that tachyphylaxis can develop after only a few doses, leading to an increased risk of overdose with continued use.…”

Section: Synthetic Cannabinoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of New Classes of Recreational Drugs—Synthetic Cannabinoids and Cathinones

2014

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Designer drugs represent an increasingly popular form of recreational substance abuse, especially amongst young adults. The two classes of designer drugs that have recently risen to prominence are the synthetic cannabinoids and synthetic cathinones. These substances are not detected by conventional drug screening methods and can often be associated with serious health consequences, including seizures, renal failure and death. Thus, clinicians should be familiar with the signs, symptoms, and toxicities associated with the use of these substances, and maintain a high level of suspicion for synthetic drugs as an alternative means of "getting high." We present a case of a 20-year-old college student who presented to the emergency department with altered mental status and severe agitation who later admitted to using bath salts. The goal of this article is to raise awareness about these new designer drugs, their clinical presentation, and management of their intoxication.

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“…Sua ação sobre a saúde humana ainda não foi relatada, porém recidivas em pacientes que faziam uso prévio de Cannabis, resultando em episódios psicó-ticos, já foram relatadas. 73 Existem, até agora, poucos relatos sobre a toxicologia analítica dos derivados canabinoides. Os derivados canabicicloexanol, JWH-018, JWH-073 e (1RS,3SR)-3-[4-(1,1-dimetiloctil)-2-hidroxifenil] cicloexan-1-ol foram detectados em produtos vegetais, comprados no Japão pela internet, após extração com metanol e ultrassonicação.…”

Section: Derivados Canabinoidesunclassified

Designer drugs: aspectos analíticos e biológicos

Bulcão¹,

Garcia²,

Limberger³

et al. 2012

Quím. Nova

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Recebido em 17/12/10; aceito em 12/7/11; publicado na web em 2/9/11 DESIGNER DRUGS: ANALYTICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS. In the recent years, analytical toxicologists have been facing difficulties in detecting designer drugs due to the chemical modifications on the existing structures and the speed in which they are released into the market, requiring the development and improvement of specific and appropriate analytical methods. This work is a review of the literature which summarizes the characteristics of the drugs and the analytical validated methods using conventional and unconventional matrices currently used for correct identification and quantification of the following classes of emerging drugs of abuse: derivatives of opiates, amphetamines, tryptamines, piperazines and cannabinoids.Keywords: biological matrices; drug abuse; toxicology. INTRODUÇÃOAs chamadas designer drugs (drogas planejadas, ou seja, aná-logos estruturais) estão entre as drogas de abuso mais utilizadas no Ocidente. Seus efeitos psicotrópicos específicos, que fundamentam sua utilização como drogas de abuso, são descritos como capacidade aumentada da comunicabilidade, empatia e autoconhecimento, o que distingue esta classe de compostos das substâncias estimulantes e alucinógenas propriamente ditas, que produzem estados de euforia e agitação e, alucinações visuais e auditivas, respectivamente. 1,2A utilização de substâncias psicoativas é antiga na história da civilização, as primeiras experiências humanas ocorreram por meio do consumo de plantas. A partir do século XIX, o homem isolou princípios ativos vegetais como morfina, cocaína e efedrina. Porém, foi no final do século passado, com o surgimento das anfetaminas, que uma substância psicoativa foi totalmente sintetizada em laboratório. Com o aparecimento das drogas sintéticas, nos anos 80, ocorreu a popularização das designer drugs. Essas drogas têm como característica essencial o fato de terem sido modificadas em laboratório, com o intuito de potencializar ou criar efeitos psicoativos ou evitar efeitos indesejáveis, além de burlar a legislação vigente. Além disto, a disponibilidade e a diminuição do custo tecnológico permitem que tais drogas sejam sintetizadas com facilidade em laboratórios clandestinos domésticos. [3][4][5] Nos anos 90, com a popularização da internet, houve uma enorme divulgação e distribuição das designer drugs. 5,6 Entretanto, foi na primeira década do século XXI que o número de novos usuários de substâncias ilícitas aumentou de forma significativa, com relatos da apreensão de diversas designer drugs em todo o mundo. 7,8As designer drugs mais utilizadas são os compostos anfetamíni-cos, tais como 3,4-metileno-dioxi-anfetamina (MDA), 3,4-metilenodioxi-metanfetamina (MDMA, ecstasy), p-metoxi-anfetamina (PMA) e p-metoxi-metanfetamina (PMMA). No Brasil, o uso recreacional tem sido constatado em vários pacientes que buscam tratamento nas clínicas de reabilitação, além de apreensões destas drogas, sendo, portanto, de grande relevância sua correta identificação e/ou quantific...

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The synthetic cannabinoid Spice as a trigger for an acute exacerbation of cannabis induced recurrent psychotic episodes

Cited by 166 publications

References 7 publications

Interaction Between L-Type Calcium Channels and Antagonist of Cannabinoid System on Anxiety in Male Rat

Interaction Between L-Type Calcium Channels and Antagonist of Cannabinoid System on Anxiety in Male Rat

Emergence of New Classes of Recreational Drugs—Synthetic Cannabinoids and Cathinones

Designer drugs: aspectos analíticos e biológicos

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